File #2837: "2020_Book_DemocracyPopulismAndTruth.pdf"
Testo
1|Contents|6
1|Introduction: Conceptualizing Populism, Democracy, and Truth|8
2|1 The Challenge of Defining Populism|9
2|2 Populism and the Priority of the Popular vs. the True|11
3|2.1 Populism, Truth, and the Press|12
3|2.2 Populism, Truth, and the Emergence of Social Media|17
2|3 Democratic Antidotes to Extremist Populism|19
2|4 International and Historical Perspectives|22
1|Part I: Conceptions of Populism|25
1|Two Concepts of Populism|26
2|1 Introduction|26
2|2 Galston: Populism as Illiberal Democracy|28
2|3 Some Criticisms of Galston on Populism and Democracy|31
2|4 A Second Concept of Populism|33
2|5 Conclusion|38
2|References|38
1|Democracy and Populism|40
2|1 Introduction|40
2|2 Populism|41
2|3 Democracy|44
2|4 Democracy and Feasibility|45
2|5 Conclusion|49
2|References|50
1|Corruption, Populism, and Sloth|52
2|1 Responses to Populist Corruption Talk|52
2|2 A Brief Note on Philosophical Antecedents|55
2|3 Populist Corruption Talk|55
2|4 Corruption as Sloth|58
2|5 Why We Should Talk More About Sloth|61
2|References|63
1|Part II: Truth and Democratic Discourse|65
1|Democracy, Truth, and Understanding: An Epistemic Argument for Democracy|66
2|1 Introduction|66
2|2 Epistemic Arguments for Democracy|67
2|3 A New Epistemic Argument|71
3|3.1 Understanding|71
3|3.2 Truth Redux|76
2|4 Conclusion|78
2|References|78
1|Free Speech, Universities, and the Development of Civic Discourse|80
2|1 Introduction|80
2|2 Speech Is Being ``Chilled´´ All Over the Place|82
2|3 What Is So Great About Free Speech Anyway?|87
2|4 Unique Role for Universities|89
2|References|92
1|Harm, ``No-Platforming´´ and the Mission of the University: A Reply to McGregor|94
2|1 Introduction|94
2|2 No Speech or More Speech? When Bad Speech Happens|96
2|3 Our House, Our Rules: Some Recommendations|100
2|4 Conclusion: Not Just Free Speech|103
2|References|103
1|Journalistic Balance, Unintended Pyrrhonism, and Political Polarization|105
2|1 Introduction|105
2|2 Pyrrhonian Balance|106
2|3 Journalistic Balance|107
2|4 Both Balances Compared|108
2|5 A Pyrrhonic Effect of Journalistic Balance?|109
2|6 Interesting Related Empirical Work on Polarization|111
2|7 Conclusion|112
2|References|113
1|Part III: Social Media, Truth, and Justice|115
1|Reflections on the Root Causes of Outrage Discourse on Social Media|116
2|1 Introduction: What Is Outrage Discourse?|116
2|2 Features of Political Discourse on Social Media|118
3|2.1 The Online Disinhibition Effect|118
3|2.2 The Desire to Be Noticed|119
3|2.3 The Tendency Towards Righteousness|119
3|2.4 Peer Pressure|120
2|3 The Background Social and Economic Conditions|120
3|3.1 Changes in Employment and Incomes|122
3|3.2 Changes in Demographics of Communities|122
3|3.3 Independence and Social Distance|123
3|3.4 Diminishing Educational Opportunities|123
3|3.5 Intergenerational Injustice|124
2|4 Conclusion|125
2|References|126
1|Identifying Political Participants on Social Media: Conflicts of Epistemic Justice|128
2|1 Introduction|128
2|2 Social Media Consumers as Epistemologically Vulnerable|129
2|3 The Epistemological Power of Social Media Posters, Transmitters, and Approvers|132
2|4 Epistemological Vulnerabilities and the Challenges of Addressing Them|133
2|5 Content Regulation Through Law: Germany|134
2|6 Limits to Legal Regulation: The United States|135
2|7 Transparency|138
2|8 Conclusion|140
2|References|140
1|Part IV: Voting and Democracy|143
1|As Maine Goes, So Goes the Nation? Ranked Choice Voting and STV as Antidotes to Tribal Populism|144
2|1 Introduction|144
2|2 Maine´s Experiment with Ranked-Choice Voting|146
2|3 Reaction of Political Elites to RCV in Maine|148
2|4 National Implications of Maine´s RCV Experiment|152
2|5 The Courts and Electoral System Reform|155
2|6 Conclusion|158
2|References|159
1|Voting Without Voice: How Votes Can Be Counted Without Counting [or Democracy and the Wasted Vote Problem]|160
2|1 Introduction|160
2|2 The Role of an Electoral System in a Representative Democracy|162
2|3 Structural Features of the First-Past-the-Post (or FPTP) Electoral System|164
2|4 The ``Representativeness´´ Criterion and Its Application to the FPTP Electoral System|164
3|4.1 The FPTP System and the REP1 Criterion of Democratic Acceptability|165
3|4.2 The FPTP System and the REP2 Criterion of Democratic Acceptability|166
2|5 The Wasted Vote Problem and Gerrymandering|167
3|5.1 Two Gerrymandering Strategies|169
3|5.2 The ``Wasted Votes´´ Problem in FPTP Traceable to a Structural Feature of FPTP Itself|170
3|5.3 Thought Experiments That Confirm the Structural Deficiency of FPTP|171
2|6 Two Questions|173
2|7 Concluding Remarks|174
2|References|175
1|Part V: American Democracy and Populism|176
1|#ConstitutionalStability|177
2|1 Populism|177
2|2 `Passions Are Contagious´|178
2|3 Subjective Confidence|179
2|4 Conspiracy Theories|181
2|5 A Practical Response|182
2|6 Forms of Government|183
2|7 Constitutional Stability|186
2|References|188
1|Populism, American Nationalism and Representative Democracy|190
2|1 Introduction|190
2|2 Populism|191
2|3 The Wall: Understanding Trump Through Laclau and Schmitt|193
2|4 The Truth in American White Nationalism|195
2|5 Conclusion: Representative Democracy and Populism|200
2|References|203
1|An Antidote to Populism|205
2|1 Introduction|205
2|2 Inequality in Personal Wealth in the United States|206
2|3 How Are Americans Reacting to the Growing Inequality in Wealth?|206
2|4 A Politically Plausible Possible Partial Solution|207
2|5 Social Security|208
2|6 A New Plan for an Expanded Program of Social Security|208
2|7 Addendum|213
2|References|214
1|The Lethal Synergy Corroding American Democracy: Who Are the ``GINs´´-And Why Is It That They Can´t ``Quit Trump´´?|215
2|1 Overview|215
2|2 A Slew of Introductions|218
3|2.1 Let´s Meet a West Virginia GIN|218
3|2.2 Let´s Meet the SERTs|219
3|2.3 Let´s Meet an Indiana GIN|220
3|2.4 Let´s Meet a GIN Who Genuinely Benefitted from the Middle Class Tax Cut|221
2|3 The Trumpian Techniques of ``Expertise-Denial´´: And Their Baneful Consequences|222
3|3.1 ``It´s Going to Be Easy, So Easy: Believe Me´´|222
3|3.2 Denigration by Demeaning and Belittling Nicknames|223
3|3.3 Offering Simplistic Explanations (Obviously Inadequate) for Complex, Multivariate Phenomena|223
3|3.4 Steve Bannon´s Lunatic Proclamation|224
2|4 The Lethal Synergy|225
2|5 Why the GINs Cannot Quit Trump|226
2|6 The Four Corollaries of the Apocalypse|229
2|References|230
1|Part VI: Populism and International Justice|232
1|Something´s Afoot: Conservative Populist Oppositionalism|233
2|1 Introduction|233
2|2 Liberalism and Conservatism: The Struggle for Nineteenth Century Britain|235
3|2.1 The Road to Parliamentary Reform|235
3|2.2 Thomas Carlyle´s Opposition to Parliamentary Reform|236
3|2.3 Mill´s Principle of Liberty vs Carlyle´s Principle of Work|238
2|3 Carlyle´s Revenge: Conservative Populist Oppositionalism in Nineteenth Century Britain|239
2|4 Something´s Afoot: Conservative, Populist Oppositionalism in Twenty-First Century America|242
2|5 Undermining Conservative, Populist Oppositionalism|244
2|6 Conclusion|245
2|References|246
1|African Challenges to the International Criminal Court: An Example of Populism?|248
2|1 Introduction|248
2|2 African Challenges to the ICC|250
2|3 Are the African Challenges to the ICC an Example of Populism?|253
2|4 Conclusion|257
2|References|259
1|Introduction: Conceptualizing Populism, Democracy, and Truth|8
2|1 The Challenge of Defining Populism|9
2|2 Populism and the Priority of the Popular vs. the True|11
3|2.1 Populism, Truth, and the Press|12
3|2.2 Populism, Truth, and the Emergence of Social Media|17
2|3 Democratic Antidotes to Extremist Populism|19
2|4 International and Historical Perspectives|22
1|Part I: Conceptions of Populism|25
1|Two Concepts of Populism|26
2|1 Introduction|26
2|2 Galston: Populism as Illiberal Democracy|28
2|3 Some Criticisms of Galston on Populism and Democracy|31
2|4 A Second Concept of Populism|33
2|5 Conclusion|38
2|References|38
1|Democracy and Populism|40
2|1 Introduction|40
2|2 Populism|41
2|3 Democracy|44
2|4 Democracy and Feasibility|45
2|5 Conclusion|49
2|References|50
1|Corruption, Populism, and Sloth|52
2|1 Responses to Populist Corruption Talk|52
2|2 A Brief Note on Philosophical Antecedents|55
2|3 Populist Corruption Talk|55
2|4 Corruption as Sloth|58
2|5 Why We Should Talk More About Sloth|61
2|References|63
1|Part II: Truth and Democratic Discourse|65
1|Democracy, Truth, and Understanding: An Epistemic Argument for Democracy|66
2|1 Introduction|66
2|2 Epistemic Arguments for Democracy|67
2|3 A New Epistemic Argument|71
3|3.1 Understanding|71
3|3.2 Truth Redux|76
2|4 Conclusion|78
2|References|78
1|Free Speech, Universities, and the Development of Civic Discourse|80
2|1 Introduction|80
2|2 Speech Is Being ``Chilled´´ All Over the Place|82
2|3 What Is So Great About Free Speech Anyway?|87
2|4 Unique Role for Universities|89
2|References|92
1|Harm, ``No-Platforming´´ and the Mission of the University: A Reply to McGregor|94
2|1 Introduction|94
2|2 No Speech or More Speech? When Bad Speech Happens|96
2|3 Our House, Our Rules: Some Recommendations|100
2|4 Conclusion: Not Just Free Speech|103
2|References|103
1|Journalistic Balance, Unintended Pyrrhonism, and Political Polarization|105
2|1 Introduction|105
2|2 Pyrrhonian Balance|106
2|3 Journalistic Balance|107
2|4 Both Balances Compared|108
2|5 A Pyrrhonic Effect of Journalistic Balance?|109
2|6 Interesting Related Empirical Work on Polarization|111
2|7 Conclusion|112
2|References|113
1|Part III: Social Media, Truth, and Justice|115
1|Reflections on the Root Causes of Outrage Discourse on Social Media|116
2|1 Introduction: What Is Outrage Discourse?|116
2|2 Features of Political Discourse on Social Media|118
3|2.1 The Online Disinhibition Effect|118
3|2.2 The Desire to Be Noticed|119
3|2.3 The Tendency Towards Righteousness|119
3|2.4 Peer Pressure|120
2|3 The Background Social and Economic Conditions|120
3|3.1 Changes in Employment and Incomes|122
3|3.2 Changes in Demographics of Communities|122
3|3.3 Independence and Social Distance|123
3|3.4 Diminishing Educational Opportunities|123
3|3.5 Intergenerational Injustice|124
2|4 Conclusion|125
2|References|126
1|Identifying Political Participants on Social Media: Conflicts of Epistemic Justice|128
2|1 Introduction|128
2|2 Social Media Consumers as Epistemologically Vulnerable|129
2|3 The Epistemological Power of Social Media Posters, Transmitters, and Approvers|132
2|4 Epistemological Vulnerabilities and the Challenges of Addressing Them|133
2|5 Content Regulation Through Law: Germany|134
2|6 Limits to Legal Regulation: The United States|135
2|7 Transparency|138
2|8 Conclusion|140
2|References|140
1|Part IV: Voting and Democracy|143
1|As Maine Goes, So Goes the Nation? Ranked Choice Voting and STV as Antidotes to Tribal Populism|144
2|1 Introduction|144
2|2 Maine´s Experiment with Ranked-Choice Voting|146
2|3 Reaction of Political Elites to RCV in Maine|148
2|4 National Implications of Maine´s RCV Experiment|152
2|5 The Courts and Electoral System Reform|155
2|6 Conclusion|158
2|References|159
1|Voting Without Voice: How Votes Can Be Counted Without Counting [or Democracy and the Wasted Vote Problem]|160
2|1 Introduction|160
2|2 The Role of an Electoral System in a Representative Democracy|162
2|3 Structural Features of the First-Past-the-Post (or FPTP) Electoral System|164
2|4 The ``Representativeness´´ Criterion and Its Application to the FPTP Electoral System|164
3|4.1 The FPTP System and the REP1 Criterion of Democratic Acceptability|165
3|4.2 The FPTP System and the REP2 Criterion of Democratic Acceptability|166
2|5 The Wasted Vote Problem and Gerrymandering|167
3|5.1 Two Gerrymandering Strategies|169
3|5.2 The ``Wasted Votes´´ Problem in FPTP Traceable to a Structural Feature of FPTP Itself|170
3|5.3 Thought Experiments That Confirm the Structural Deficiency of FPTP|171
2|6 Two Questions|173
2|7 Concluding Remarks|174
2|References|175
1|Part V: American Democracy and Populism|176
1|#ConstitutionalStability|177
2|1 Populism|177
2|2 `Passions Are Contagious´|178
2|3 Subjective Confidence|179
2|4 Conspiracy Theories|181
2|5 A Practical Response|182
2|6 Forms of Government|183
2|7 Constitutional Stability|186
2|References|188
1|Populism, American Nationalism and Representative Democracy|190
2|1 Introduction|190
2|2 Populism|191
2|3 The Wall: Understanding Trump Through Laclau and Schmitt|193
2|4 The Truth in American White Nationalism|195
2|5 Conclusion: Representative Democracy and Populism|200
2|References|203
1|An Antidote to Populism|205
2|1 Introduction|205
2|2 Inequality in Personal Wealth in the United States|206
2|3 How Are Americans Reacting to the Growing Inequality in Wealth?|206
2|4 A Politically Plausible Possible Partial Solution|207
2|5 Social Security|208
2|6 A New Plan for an Expanded Program of Social Security|208
2|7 Addendum|213
2|References|214
1|The Lethal Synergy Corroding American Democracy: Who Are the ``GINs´´-And Why Is It That They Can´t ``Quit Trump´´?|215
2|1 Overview|215
2|2 A Slew of Introductions|218
3|2.1 Let´s Meet a West Virginia GIN|218
3|2.2 Let´s Meet the SERTs|219
3|2.3 Let´s Meet an Indiana GIN|220
3|2.4 Let´s Meet a GIN Who Genuinely Benefitted from the Middle Class Tax Cut|221
2|3 The Trumpian Techniques of ``Expertise-Denial´´: And Their Baneful Consequences|222
3|3.1 ``It´s Going to Be Easy, So Easy: Believe Me´´|222
3|3.2 Denigration by Demeaning and Belittling Nicknames|223
3|3.3 Offering Simplistic Explanations (Obviously Inadequate) for Complex, Multivariate Phenomena|223
3|3.4 Steve Bannon´s Lunatic Proclamation|224
2|4 The Lethal Synergy|225
2|5 Why the GINs Cannot Quit Trump|226
2|6 The Four Corollaries of the Apocalypse|229
2|References|230
1|Part VI: Populism and International Justice|232
1|Something´s Afoot: Conservative Populist Oppositionalism|233
2|1 Introduction|233
2|2 Liberalism and Conservatism: The Struggle for Nineteenth Century Britain|235
3|2.1 The Road to Parliamentary Reform|235
3|2.2 Thomas Carlyle´s Opposition to Parliamentary Reform|236
3|2.3 Mill´s Principle of Liberty vs Carlyle´s Principle of Work|238
2|3 Carlyle´s Revenge: Conservative Populist Oppositionalism in Nineteenth Century Britain|239
2|4 Something´s Afoot: Conservative, Populist Oppositionalism in Twenty-First Century America|242
2|5 Undermining Conservative, Populist Oppositionalism|244
2|6 Conclusion|245
2|References|246
1|African Challenges to the International Criminal Court: An Example of Populism?|248
2|1 Introduction|248
2|2 African Challenges to the ICC|250
2|3 Are the African Challenges to the ICC an Example of Populism?|253
2|4 Conclusion|257
2|References|259