File #2836: "2020_Book_NationalSecurityExceptionsInIn.pdf"

1|Preface|6
1|Contents|7
1|1 Introduction|9
2|References|11
1|2 The First Generation of National Security Exceptions: The GATT and Its Legacy|12
2|2.1 Introductory Remarks|12
2|2.2 Article XXI of the GATT: A Brief Overview|13
2|2.3 The GATT Security Exception in Practice|17
3|2.3.1 Setting the Scene: The GATT Years|17
3|2.3.2 The Renaissance of the Security Exception in WTO Practice|19
2|2.4 Review of Security Measures Under Article XXI of the GATT and the Problem of Justiciability|23
2|2.5 The Standard of Review Under Article XXI(b) of the GATT|26
2|2.6 Appraisal: In Support of a Nuanced Approach|33
2|References|35
1|3 The Second Generation of National Security Exceptions: Departing from the GATT Tradition?|38
2|3.1 Security Exceptions in FCN Agreements|38
2|3.2 Security Exceptions in Investment Agreements|45
3|3.2.1 A Brief Overview of Security Exceptions in Investment Agreements|45
3|3.2.2 The Review of Security Measures Under Investment Agreements and the Problem of Justiciability|47
3|3.2.3 The Quest for an Objective Standard of Review|57
2|References|67
1|4 The Third Generation of National Security Exceptions: Protecting the Sovereign State|69
2|References|74
1|5 Conclusion|76
2|References|78