File #2317: "2018_Book_IncarceratedYouthTransitioning.pdf"
Text
1|Contents|6
1|Editor and Contributors|8
1|1 Introduction|13
2|References|16
1|The Taxonomy of Transition Programming 2.0 as Applied to Juvenile Justice Transition Planning and Processes|17
1|2 Transitions in the Lives of Incarcerated Youth|18
2|2.1 Introduction|18
2|2.2 Vulnerabilities and Needs|19
2|2.3 Transitions into, Through, and Out of Secure Care|20
2|2.4 Transitioning Back to the Community|21
2|2.5 The Right to Transition Development and Support|22
2|2.6 Contemporary Reentry, Transition, and Aftercare Programs|24
2|2.7 Rationale for the Use of the Taxonomy of Transition Programming 2.0|27
2|2.8 Conclusion|28
2|References|29
1|3 The Taxonomy for Transition Programming 2.0 as Applied to Youth in the Juvenile Justice System|34
2|3.1 Origins of the Taxonomy for Transition Programming|34
2|3.2 Taxonomy for Transition Programming 2.0|36
2|3.3 Five Areas of Practices|36
2|3.4 Youth-Focused Planning|37
2|3.5 Youth Development|37
2|3.6 Interagency Collaboration|39
2|3.7 Family Engagement|39
2|3.8 Program Structures|42
2|3.9 Conclusion|42
2|References|45
1|4 Involvement of the Young Person in Transition Planning|46
2|4.1 Rationale for Youth-Focused Transition Planning|46
2|4.2 Review of Legislation|46
2|4.3 Effective Practice|48
2|4.4 Improved Outcomes|50
2|4.5 Youth-Focused Transition Planning|51
2|4.6 Review of Youth-Focused Planning Literature|52
2|4.7 Strategies for Promoting Youth-Focused Planning in JJ Transition|54
2|4.8 JJ Transition Projects that Promote Youth-Focused Planning|56
2|4.9 Youth Development|57
2|4.10 Practices that Promote Youth Development in Transition|58
2|4.11 Practices that Promote Youth Development in JJ Transition|58
2|4.12 Conclusion|64
2|References|64
1|5 The Role of Family in Supporting Incarcerated Youth Transitioning from the Juvenile Justice System Back into the Community|70
2|5.1 Introduction|70
2|5.2 Assisting Families in Supporting Incarcerated Youth Returning to the Community|73
2|5.3 Frameworks and Models of Family Involvement for Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System|73
2|5.4 Family Involvement Across the Four Stages of Transition|75
2|5.5 Conclusion|84
2|References|85
1|6 Supporting the Transition of Incarcerated Youth Back to the Community: A Multi-systemic Wraparound Approach|88
2|6.1 Introduction|88
2|6.2 Using the Taxonomy for Transition Planning 2.0 to Guide a Wraparound Approach|89
2|6.3 Using Program Structures to Develop Elements of an Effective Wraparound System|92
2|6.4 Conceptual Framework|93
2|6.5 Other Frameworks, Guides, and Models|95
2|6.6 Conclusion|103
2|References|103
1|International Perspectives on Transition Planning and Supports|106
1|7 Transitions from Behind the Fence to the Community: The Australian Experience|107
2|7.1 Introduction|107
2|7.2 Australia’s Juvenile Justice System|108
2|7.3 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|108
2|7.4 State Laws, Policy, or Guidelines for Transition or Aftercare Support|109
2|7.5 How Juvenile Justice Systems Are Meeting the Transition Needs of Incarcerated Youth|109
2|7.6 Indigenous Overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System|114
2|7.7 Programs and Practices to Support the Transition of Indigenous Youth|117
2|7.8 Case Study|118
2|7.9 Implications for Practice|119
2|Further Reading|120
1|8 The Transitioning of Incarcerated Youth in the New Zealand Youth Justice System|124
2|8.1 Introduction|124
2|8.2 The New Zealand Youth Justice System|124
2|8.3 New Zealand’s Youth Justice Principles|126
2|8.4 Age of Responsibility|127
2|8.5 Youth Court|128
2|8.6 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|128
2|8.7 Expert Panel Report Findings|129
2|8.8 Transition from Custodial Care to Community Care|130
2|8.9 Transition Planning Alignment with the Taxonomy|131
2|8.10 Local Challenge: Maori and Pasifika Youth Offending in New Zealand|134
2|8.11 Case Study: When Transition Planning and Support Does not Work Well|135
2|8.12 Conclusion|136
2|Further Reading|137
1|9 Japanese Juveniles in Transition|139
2|9.1 The Japanese Juvenile Justice System|139
2|9.2 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|143
2|9.3 Transitions in and Out of a Juvenile Training School|144
2|9.4 Local Challenge: The Decline in Voluntary Probation Officers|149
2|9.5 Case Study|150
2|9.6 Implications for Practice and Future Research|152
2|9.7 Conclusion|152
2|Further Reading|153
1|10 Transitions of Sanctioned Youth in Slovenia|156
2|10.1 The Slovenian Youth Justice System|156
2|10.2 The Population in the Youth Justice System|157
2|10.3 Slovenian Custodial Environments|158
2|10.4 Transitions Back to the Community from an Educational Institution|161
2|10.5 Evaluating Transition Planning and Support Using the Taxonomy 2.0|163
2|10.6 Local Challenges Impacting Transition Practices|167
2|10.7 Case Studies: Ana and Tina|168
2|10.8 Conclusion and Implications for Practice|169
2|Further Reading|170
1|11 Promoting Shifts in Personal Narratives and Providing Structures of Support: Transitions of Incarcerated Children in England and Wales|173
2|11.1 The Youth Justice System in the UK|173
2|11.2 Youth Justice in England and Wales|173
2|11.3 Rate of Involvement in the Youth Custodial System|176
2|11.4 “Resettlement” in England and Wales|176
2|11.5 Recent Resettlement Initiatives|177
2|11.6 “We Know the Solution … Why on Earth Is It Not Being Done?”|179
2|11.7 The Policy and Practice of Transitions: Disparate “Good Practice”|180
2|11.8 A Local Challenge: The Problem of Girls|182
2|11.9 Case Study: Helen|183
2|11.10 Resettlement Conceived as Promoting a Shift in Personal Narrative|184
2|11.11 Implications for Practice: The Five Characteristics of Effective Resettlement Support|187
2|11.12 Conclusion|188
2|Further Reading|189
1|12 Transitions of Incarcerated Youth in Finland|192
2|12.1 Introduction|192
2|12.2 A Brief Overview of Contributing Justice Models|192
2|12.3 The Juvenile Justice System in Finland|194
2|12.4 Finnish Dualism: Criminal Justice|194
2|12.5 Finnish Dualism: Child Welfare|196
2|12.6 Transitions of Incarcerated Youth Within Criminal Justice System|198
2|12.7 Transitions Within the Child Welfare System|200
2|12.8 “Lost Young”|201
2|12.9 Two Transition Cases Studies|202
2|12.10 Implications for Policy and Practice|205
2|12.11 Conclusion|206
2|Further Reading|206
1|13 Community Reintegration for Young Offenders in the United States of America|209
2|13.1 The Juvenile Justice System|209
2|13.2 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|210
2|13.3 State Laws, Policy, or Guidelines for Transition or Aftercare Support|210
2|13.4 Practices and Programs Aligned with the Taxonomy 2.0 in the U.S|211
2|13.5 Promising Programs and Practices Aimed to Support the Transition Planning and Implementation Process|214
2|13.6 Composite Case Study: Anthony|216
2|13.7 Current Challenges with Implications for Practice and Future Directions|217
2|13.8 Conclusion|219
2|Further Reading|220
1|14 Rehabilitation and Effective Transitioning of Incarcerated Youths in Canada|224
2|14.1 Introduction|224
2|14.2 The Youth Justice System in Canada|225
2|14.3 Incarceration Patterns|226
2|14.4 Evaluating the Canadian Approach to Transition|228
2|14.5 Nova Scotia: A Restorative Justice Case Study|231
2|14.6 Conclusion|236
2|Further Reading|236
1|15 Juveniles in Transition: The Situation in South Africa|240
2|15.1 Introduction|240
2|15.2 Population in the Correctional System|241
2|15.3 The Justice System and Legal Framework|242
2|15.4 A Myriad of Challenges|245
2|15.5 An Inadequate Response to Youth Transition|247
2|15.6 Prospects for the Future|250
2|15.7 Case Study|251
2|15.8 Conclusion|253
2|Further Reading|253
1|Closing Section|257
1|16 Transition Supports and Barriers to “Staying Out”|258
2|16.1 Introduction|258
2|16.2 Staying Out|259
2|16.3 Internal Supports and Barriers to Staying Out|259
2|16.4 External Social Supports and Barriers to Staying Out|262
2|16.5 External Structural Supports and Barriers|267
2|16.6 Implications for Practice and Future Research|271
2|16.7 Conclusion|275
2|References|275
1|Editor and Contributors|8
1|1 Introduction|13
2|References|16
1|The Taxonomy of Transition Programming 2.0 as Applied to Juvenile Justice Transition Planning and Processes|17
1|2 Transitions in the Lives of Incarcerated Youth|18
2|2.1 Introduction|18
2|2.2 Vulnerabilities and Needs|19
2|2.3 Transitions into, Through, and Out of Secure Care|20
2|2.4 Transitioning Back to the Community|21
2|2.5 The Right to Transition Development and Support|22
2|2.6 Contemporary Reentry, Transition, and Aftercare Programs|24
2|2.7 Rationale for the Use of the Taxonomy of Transition Programming 2.0|27
2|2.8 Conclusion|28
2|References|29
1|3 The Taxonomy for Transition Programming 2.0 as Applied to Youth in the Juvenile Justice System|34
2|3.1 Origins of the Taxonomy for Transition Programming|34
2|3.2 Taxonomy for Transition Programming 2.0|36
2|3.3 Five Areas of Practices|36
2|3.4 Youth-Focused Planning|37
2|3.5 Youth Development|37
2|3.6 Interagency Collaboration|39
2|3.7 Family Engagement|39
2|3.8 Program Structures|42
2|3.9 Conclusion|42
2|References|45
1|4 Involvement of the Young Person in Transition Planning|46
2|4.1 Rationale for Youth-Focused Transition Planning|46
2|4.2 Review of Legislation|46
2|4.3 Effective Practice|48
2|4.4 Improved Outcomes|50
2|4.5 Youth-Focused Transition Planning|51
2|4.6 Review of Youth-Focused Planning Literature|52
2|4.7 Strategies for Promoting Youth-Focused Planning in JJ Transition|54
2|4.8 JJ Transition Projects that Promote Youth-Focused Planning|56
2|4.9 Youth Development|57
2|4.10 Practices that Promote Youth Development in Transition|58
2|4.11 Practices that Promote Youth Development in JJ Transition|58
2|4.12 Conclusion|64
2|References|64
1|5 The Role of Family in Supporting Incarcerated Youth Transitioning from the Juvenile Justice System Back into the Community|70
2|5.1 Introduction|70
2|5.2 Assisting Families in Supporting Incarcerated Youth Returning to the Community|73
2|5.3 Frameworks and Models of Family Involvement for Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System|73
2|5.4 Family Involvement Across the Four Stages of Transition|75
2|5.5 Conclusion|84
2|References|85
1|6 Supporting the Transition of Incarcerated Youth Back to the Community: A Multi-systemic Wraparound Approach|88
2|6.1 Introduction|88
2|6.2 Using the Taxonomy for Transition Planning 2.0 to Guide a Wraparound Approach|89
2|6.3 Using Program Structures to Develop Elements of an Effective Wraparound System|92
2|6.4 Conceptual Framework|93
2|6.5 Other Frameworks, Guides, and Models|95
2|6.6 Conclusion|103
2|References|103
1|International Perspectives on Transition Planning and Supports|106
1|7 Transitions from Behind the Fence to the Community: The Australian Experience|107
2|7.1 Introduction|107
2|7.2 Australia’s Juvenile Justice System|108
2|7.3 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|108
2|7.4 State Laws, Policy, or Guidelines for Transition or Aftercare Support|109
2|7.5 How Juvenile Justice Systems Are Meeting the Transition Needs of Incarcerated Youth|109
2|7.6 Indigenous Overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System|114
2|7.7 Programs and Practices to Support the Transition of Indigenous Youth|117
2|7.8 Case Study|118
2|7.9 Implications for Practice|119
2|Further Reading|120
1|8 The Transitioning of Incarcerated Youth in the New Zealand Youth Justice System|124
2|8.1 Introduction|124
2|8.2 The New Zealand Youth Justice System|124
2|8.3 New Zealand’s Youth Justice Principles|126
2|8.4 Age of Responsibility|127
2|8.5 Youth Court|128
2|8.6 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|128
2|8.7 Expert Panel Report Findings|129
2|8.8 Transition from Custodial Care to Community Care|130
2|8.9 Transition Planning Alignment with the Taxonomy|131
2|8.10 Local Challenge: Maori and Pasifika Youth Offending in New Zealand|134
2|8.11 Case Study: When Transition Planning and Support Does not Work Well|135
2|8.12 Conclusion|136
2|Further Reading|137
1|9 Japanese Juveniles in Transition|139
2|9.1 The Japanese Juvenile Justice System|139
2|9.2 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|143
2|9.3 Transitions in and Out of a Juvenile Training School|144
2|9.4 Local Challenge: The Decline in Voluntary Probation Officers|149
2|9.5 Case Study|150
2|9.6 Implications for Practice and Future Research|152
2|9.7 Conclusion|152
2|Further Reading|153
1|10 Transitions of Sanctioned Youth in Slovenia|156
2|10.1 The Slovenian Youth Justice System|156
2|10.2 The Population in the Youth Justice System|157
2|10.3 Slovenian Custodial Environments|158
2|10.4 Transitions Back to the Community from an Educational Institution|161
2|10.5 Evaluating Transition Planning and Support Using the Taxonomy 2.0|163
2|10.6 Local Challenges Impacting Transition Practices|167
2|10.7 Case Studies: Ana and Tina|168
2|10.8 Conclusion and Implications for Practice|169
2|Further Reading|170
1|11 Promoting Shifts in Personal Narratives and Providing Structures of Support: Transitions of Incarcerated Children in England and Wales|173
2|11.1 The Youth Justice System in the UK|173
2|11.2 Youth Justice in England and Wales|173
2|11.3 Rate of Involvement in the Youth Custodial System|176
2|11.4 “Resettlement” in England and Wales|176
2|11.5 Recent Resettlement Initiatives|177
2|11.6 “We Know the Solution … Why on Earth Is It Not Being Done?”|179
2|11.7 The Policy and Practice of Transitions: Disparate “Good Practice”|180
2|11.8 A Local Challenge: The Problem of Girls|182
2|11.9 Case Study: Helen|183
2|11.10 Resettlement Conceived as Promoting a Shift in Personal Narrative|184
2|11.11 Implications for Practice: The Five Characteristics of Effective Resettlement Support|187
2|11.12 Conclusion|188
2|Further Reading|189
1|12 Transitions of Incarcerated Youth in Finland|192
2|12.1 Introduction|192
2|12.2 A Brief Overview of Contributing Justice Models|192
2|12.3 The Juvenile Justice System in Finland|194
2|12.4 Finnish Dualism: Criminal Justice|194
2|12.5 Finnish Dualism: Child Welfare|196
2|12.6 Transitions of Incarcerated Youth Within Criminal Justice System|198
2|12.7 Transitions Within the Child Welfare System|200
2|12.8 “Lost Young”|201
2|12.9 Two Transition Cases Studies|202
2|12.10 Implications for Policy and Practice|205
2|12.11 Conclusion|206
2|Further Reading|206
1|13 Community Reintegration for Young Offenders in the United States of America|209
2|13.1 The Juvenile Justice System|209
2|13.2 Rate of Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System|210
2|13.3 State Laws, Policy, or Guidelines for Transition or Aftercare Support|210
2|13.4 Practices and Programs Aligned with the Taxonomy 2.0 in the U.S|211
2|13.5 Promising Programs and Practices Aimed to Support the Transition Planning and Implementation Process|214
2|13.6 Composite Case Study: Anthony|216
2|13.7 Current Challenges with Implications for Practice and Future Directions|217
2|13.8 Conclusion|219
2|Further Reading|220
1|14 Rehabilitation and Effective Transitioning of Incarcerated Youths in Canada|224
2|14.1 Introduction|224
2|14.2 The Youth Justice System in Canada|225
2|14.3 Incarceration Patterns|226
2|14.4 Evaluating the Canadian Approach to Transition|228
2|14.5 Nova Scotia: A Restorative Justice Case Study|231
2|14.6 Conclusion|236
2|Further Reading|236
1|15 Juveniles in Transition: The Situation in South Africa|240
2|15.1 Introduction|240
2|15.2 Population in the Correctional System|241
2|15.3 The Justice System and Legal Framework|242
2|15.4 A Myriad of Challenges|245
2|15.5 An Inadequate Response to Youth Transition|247
2|15.6 Prospects for the Future|250
2|15.7 Case Study|251
2|15.8 Conclusion|253
2|Further Reading|253
1|Closing Section|257
1|16 Transition Supports and Barriers to “Staying Out”|258
2|16.1 Introduction|258
2|16.2 Staying Out|259
2|16.3 Internal Supports and Barriers to Staying Out|259
2|16.4 External Social Supports and Barriers to Staying Out|262
2|16.5 External Structural Supports and Barriers|267
2|16.6 Implications for Practice and Future Research|271
2|16.7 Conclusion|275
2|References|275