File #2847: "2020_Book_ArtificialIntelligenceAndJudic.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface to the English Version|5
1|Gist of the Book|8
1|Introduction|11
2|The Role of AI in Promoting Judicial Reform and Judicial Impartiality|11
2|References|19
1|Contents|20
1|About the Author|29
1|Theories: Integrating AI into Judicial Practice---An Effective Way to Realize Judicial Modernization|31
1|1 AI—A Historical Opportunity for Judicial Modernization|32
2|1 The Amazing AI|32
3|1.1 Human-Machine Competition—A New Era of AI|32
3|1.2 AI is Coming into Shanghai Courts|34
2|2 The Rise of AI|34
3|2.1 What is AI?|34
3|2.2 The Development of AI|35
3|2.3 New Development Trends of AI|38
3|2.4 AI and Chess, Computer, Internet and Military Affairs|39
2|3 AI—A National Strategy|43
3|3.1 China: One of the Earliest Countries to Formulate AI Development Plans|43
3|3.2 United States: White House Issues Strategic Planning for AI Development|45
3|3.3 Key Strategies of AI Development in Major Countries of the World|46
2|References|49
1|2 Application of AI in Judicial Practice|50
2|1 The Application of AI in Judicial Practice—The Need of the Times|50
3|1.1 The Application of AI is the Requirement of Judicial Development|50
3|1.2 The Possibility of the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|51
3|1.3 Many Countries in the World have Applied AI in Judicial Practice|51
2|2 The Application of AI in Judicial Practice in China|53
3|2.1 Incorporating AI into National Planning|53
3|2.2 Obvious Effects of AI Application|53
3|2.3 Construction of Intelligent Courts|54
3|2.4 Construction of “Intelligent Procuratorial Work”|55
3|2.5 The Construction of Intelligent Public Security|56
3|2.6 The Xue Liang Project|57
2|3 The Pioneering Work of Shanghai Court in Building Intelligent Courts|57
3|3.1 The Big Data Trial Assistive System has Helped to Realize Intelligent Handling of Cases|58
3|3.2 The Big Data Judicial Openness System Helps to Realize Justice in a Visible Way|58
3|3.3 The Big Data Litigation Service System Provides an All-Round, Convenient and Barrier-Free Intelligent Service|59
3|3.4 Big Data Management System Helps to Realize Visual and Intelligent Court Management|59
3|3.5 Big Data Judicial Analysis System Leads to Scientific and Intelligent Judicial Decision-Making|60
1|3 AI—An Effective Way to Judicial Modernization|61
2|1 Preliminary Theories on the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|61
3|1.1 The Characteristics of Judicial Activities Provide the Basic Premise for the Application of AI|62
3|1.2 Legal Formalism Provides Theoretical Basis for the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|62
3|1.3 Legal Realism Provides Theoretical Support for AI T0 Simulate Judge’s Thinking|63
3|1.4 “Open Texture” Theory Provides Theoretical Innovation for the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|63
2|2 The National Strategy of AI Leads Judicial Modernization|64
2|3 AI Provides Strong Technical Support for Promoting Judicial Modernization|65
2|4 AI Helps to Overcome Judicial Difficulties and Promotes Judicial Progress|65
3|4.1 Promoting Judicial Reform and Implementing the Judicial Accountability System|65
3|4.2 Preventing Cases in Which People are Unjustly, Falsely or Wrongly Charged or Sentenced and Guaranteeing Judicial Impartiality|66
3|4.3 Facilitating Judicial Openness and Making Justice Visible and Measurable|66
3|4.4 All-Round Intelligent Service to Solve Problems in Litigation|67
3|4.5 Alleviating the Phenomenon of Overloaded Cases but Relatively Fewer Staffs and Improving the Quality and Efficiency of the Trial|67
3|4.6 The Visualization and Supervision of the Whole Process to Prevent Judicial Corruption and Improve Judicial Civilization|68
2|References|68
1|Practice: AI Facilitating China’s Judicial Reform---AI Assistive System for Criminal Cases Constructed in Shanghai|69
1|4 AI Assistive System for Criminal Cases in Shanghai|70
2|1 The Decision of AI Software Development|70
2|2 Reasons for AI Software Development|70
3|2.1 The Results of Wrongful Convictions Correction|71
3|2.2 The Necessity to Advance the Litigation System Reform|71
3|2.3 The AI-Assisted Litigation Reform|72
2|3 Technological Support for the Decision-Making|73
3|3.1 Judicial Big Data: Solid Foundation of AI|73
3|3.2 Strong Computing Power: Diversified Application of AI|74
3|3.3 Deep Learning Algorithm: Core Engine of AI|74
1|5 Honor and Ambition: Shanghai High People’s Court Undertakes the Project of AI Assistive Software Development|76
2|1 The Ambition of Judicial Modernization: A Common Pursuit of China’s Legal Professionals and Scientists|76
3|1.1 To Make the Judicial Practice Scientific|76
3|1.2 Scientists’ Pursuit of the Ambition: Rule-of-Law System Based on Systems Engineering|77
3|1.3 Jurists’ Pursuit of the Ambition: Computer-Assisted Measurement of Penalty|78
3|1.4 Ambition Realization: Efforts of Generations|79
2|2 An Honorable Task with Opportunity and Difficulty|79
3|2.1 The Assignment of the Task|79
3|2.2 Opportunity in the Task|80
3|2.3 Challenges of the Task|81
2|3 Confidence and Foundation to Finish the Task|82
3|3.1 Impetus: The Pioneer Spirit of Shanghai|82
3|3.2 Foundation: Pilot Judicial Reform in Shanghai|83
3|3.3 High-Techs: Leading Position in Informatization Construction|83
2|Reference|84
1|6 Exploration, Practice and Breakthrough|85
2|1 Top-Down Design of the System|85
3|1.1 Procedure of the Task|86
3|1.2 Requirements for the Task|86
3|1.3 Targets of the Task|86
3|1.4 Partner of the Task|87
3|1.5 Base and Team of the Task|90
2|2 Orientations of the System|91
3|2.1 Problem-Oriented|91
3|2.2 Demand-Oriented|91
3|2.3 Target-Oriented and Effect-Oriented|92
2|3 Nature, Name and Definition|93
3|3.1 The Technological Nature of the System|93
3|3.2 The Assistive Nature of the System|93
3|3.3 Name and Definition of the System|94
2|Reference|94
1|7 The Basic Structure and Functions of the 206 System|95
2|1 Operation of the 206 System|95
2|2 Databases of the 206 System|96
2|3 Functions of the 206 System|98
2|4 Network and Data Security of the 206 System|102
3|4.1 Network and Communication Security|103
3|4.2 Data Security Protection Platform|103
3|4.3 Data Asset Management|104
3|4.4 Data and Blockchain Tamper Resistance System|104
3|4.5 Security of Operating System|105
1|8 The Main Functions of the 206 System|106
2|1 To Formulate Guide on Evidence Standards|107
3|1.1 Definition of Evidence|107
3|1.2 Guide on Evidence Standards|109
3|1.3 Reasons|110
3|1.4 Methods and Route|111
3|1.5 Framework and Main Contents|113
2|2 To Formulate Guide on Evidence Rules|115
3|2.1 Definition of Evidence Rules|115
3|2.2 Guide on Evidence Rules|116
3|2.3 Reasons|117
3|2.4 To Embed the Digitalized Evidence Rules into the 206 System|117
2|3 To Interrogate with Key Points|118
2|4 To Build Evidence Models|119
3|4.1 Definition of Evidence Models|119
3|4.2 Methods and Route to Formulate Evidence Models|119
3|4.3 Basis to Make the Evidence Models Work|121
3|4.4 Evidence Models as a Reminder of Problems|122
3|4.5 Functions of the Guide on Models, Standards and Rules of Evidence|123
2|5 To Review and Judge Evidence Chain and Evidence of the Whole Case|124
2|6 To Assess Degree of Social Harm|125
2|7 To Transfer Electronical Files|125
2|8 To Review the Speech Evidence|125
2|9 To Offer a Frame of Reference for Sentencing|126
2|10 To Recommend Similar Cases|126
2|11 To Assist the Court Proceedings|126
3|11.1 The Application of AI Assistive Tech on Court Trial|127
3|11.2 The Highlights of AI-Assisted Court Trial|127
2|References|128
1|9 High-Techs Applied in the 206 System|129
2|1 OCR for Recognition of Judicial Information|130
3|1.1 Technical Principle of OCR|130
3|1.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of OCR|132
3|1.3 Solutions|132
2|2 NLP for Computers-Human Interactions|135
3|2.1 Technical Principle of NLP|135
3|2.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of NLP|136
3|2.3 Solutions|136
2|3 ASR for Transformation from Audio to Text|137
3|3.1 Technical Principle of ASR|137
3|3.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of ASR|138
3|3.3 Solutions|138
2|4 NER for Key Information Selection from Mass Data|139
3|4.1 Technical Principle of NER|139
3|4.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of NER|141
3|4.3 Solutions|142
2|5 ML for Construction of Judicial Knowledge Graph|144
3|5.1 Technical Principle of ML|144
3|5.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of ML|145
3|5.3 Solutions|146
1|10 Remarkable Effects Achieved by the 206 System|148
2|1 R&D Process|148
3|1.1 R&D and Test Operation of the System 1.0|148
3|1.2 Promotion and Application the System 2.0|149
3|1.3 Full Application of the System 3.0|150
2|2 Operation of the System|150
2|3 Functions of the System|151
3|3.1 To Unify Network Platforms for Interconnection|151
3|3.2 To Unify Evidence Standards and Rules for Guidance|152
3|3.3 To Review Evidence for Preventing Wrongful Convictions|153
3|3.4 To Assist Court Trials Intelligently for Judicial Impartiality|156
3|3.5 To Integrate Multi-functions for Saving Costs|157
3|3.6 To be Fully Applied for Realizing Judicial Accountability System|158
2|4 Review and Acceptance Check|160
3|4.1 Expert Review|160
3|4.2 Evaluation and Acceptance Check|160
2|5 High Appraisal and Wide Attention|160
3|5.1 High Appreciation and Appraisal|160
2|6 Wide Attention in Society|165
3|6.1 Investigation, Study and Communication in China and Abroad|168
3|6.2 Frequent Academic Exchanges, Lectures and Seminars|168
2|7 Application of the System in Other Provinces and Cities|172
2|References|174
1|11 Extending to Civil and Administrative Fields—The Launch of Shanghai AI Assistive System for Civil and Administrative Cases|175
2|1 The Significance and Necessity of Its Research and Development|175
3|1.1 Unifying the Application of Law and Enhancing the Public Credibility of the Judiciary|176
3|1.2 Reducing the Arbitrariness of the Judiciary and Improving Its Quality|176
3|1.3 Making Case Handling More Intelligent and Efficient|176
2|2 Formulating Plans and Advancing in an Orderly Manner|177
3|2.1 Basic Principles|177
3|2.2 Establishing the Guide to Evidence Rules|178
3|2.3 Establishing the Guide to the Elements of Case Handling|178
2|3 The Framework and Function of the System|179
3|3.1 Establishing a Database of Civil and Administrative Cases|179
3|3.2 Building AI Support Platform|179
3|3.3 Functions of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|180
2|4 The Progress of the Research and Development of the System|185
3|4.1 In-depth Research and Thorough Preparation|185
3|4.2 Establishing the Guide to Evidence Rules|186
3|4.3 Establishing the Guide to Elements for Handling Cases|186
3|4.4 Establishing Evidence Models|187
3|4.5 Establishing Database of Civil and Administrative Cases|187
2|5 Functions of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|187
2|6 Trial Operation of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|190
3|6.1 The Successful Development and Trial Operation of the System|190
3|6.2 Favorable Comments on the System|192
1|Prospects: Opportunities and Challenges of AI: Constructing the AI-Assisted Rule of Law for the Future|195
1|12 Grasping the Opportunities of the Era, Keeping a Close Eye on the Frontiers of Science and Technology and Promoting Judicial Modernization|197
2|1 Ideas Guide Strategies; Opportunities Determine the Future|197
2|2 Keeping a Close Eye on the Frontier of Science and Technology, Applying the Latest Achievements and Promoting Judicial Progress|198
2|3 Adhering to the Problem-Oriented and Demand-Oriented Approach and Making Good Use of Scientific and Technological Tools|199
1|13 Following the Law of Justice, Promoting Human-Machine Collaboration to Better Serve the Judiciary|201
2|1 Following the Law of Justice, Grasping the Features of AI to Assist Case Handling|201
3|1.1 The Law of Justice and Its Characteristics Determine that AI Can Only Be Used as a Supplementary Case Handling Tool|201
3|1.2 The Periodic Features of AI Development Determine that AI Can Only Be Used as a Supplementary Case Handling Tool|202
2|2 Promoting Human-Machine Collaboration to Enhance the Application of AI in the Judiciary|202
2|3 Promoting Cross-border Integration, Expanding In-depth Application to Improve Intelligent Judiciary|203
3|3.1 Expanding the Application of AI in the Fields of Criminal Cases to Realize Cross-border Integration|203
3|3.2 Expansion to the Field of Civil and Administrative Cases to Realize the Intelligent Handling of Civil and Administrative Cases|204
3|3.3 Expanding the in-Depth Application of AI in the Judiciary to Realize the Intelligent Judiciary|204
3|3.4 Expanding the Application of AI in Social Governance to Promote Intelligent Governance|205
2|Reference|207
1|14 Building AI-Assisted Rule of Law for the Future, Seeking Advantages and Avoiding Disadvantages to Make AI Better Benefit Mankind|208
2|1 AI: A “Double-Edged Sword”|208
2|2 Rule of Law: A Guarantee of the Healthy and Sustainable Development of AI|209
2|3 Establishing the Evaluation and Research System and Mechanism for the Development of AI to Ensure Safe, Reliable and Controllable Development of AI|210
2|4 Establishing the Legal System of AI so that Its Development is Legally Regulated|210
2|5 Strengthening the Adjudication and Research of AI-Related Cases and Giving Full Play to the Role of Typical Cases|210
2|6 Establishing Specialized Research Institutes to Prevent Risks and Challenges|211
2|7 Strengthening the Cooperation of “Government, Industry, Education and Research” and Training Compound Talents|212
1|15 The High-Level Seminar on AI and Rule of Law Yields Fruitful Theoretical Results, Leading the Direction of Development|213
2|1 AI and the Rule of Law|214
3|1.1 High-Level Seminar Leading Theoretical Frontiers|214
3|1.2 Issuing the Shanghai Initiative on Artificial Intelligence and Future Rule of Law|216
3|1.3 Attention and Positive Response from the Society|218
1|Appendix Shanghai Initiative on Artificial Intelligence and Future Rule of Law|220
2|A.1 Artificial Intelligence and the Conceptual Framework for the Development of the Future Rule of Law|221
2|A.2 Promoting the Standardization of the Rule of Law to Guarantee the Development of Artificial Intelligence|221
2|A.3 Strengthening the Education Research and Practice in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Law|222
2|A.4 Promoting International Exchange and Cooperation of Artificial Intelligence in the Future Rule of Law|222
1|Postscript|223
1|Gist of the Book|8
1|Introduction|11
2|The Role of AI in Promoting Judicial Reform and Judicial Impartiality|11
2|References|19
1|Contents|20
1|About the Author|29
1|Theories: Integrating AI into Judicial Practice---An Effective Way to Realize Judicial Modernization|31
1|1 AI—A Historical Opportunity for Judicial Modernization|32
2|1 The Amazing AI|32
3|1.1 Human-Machine Competition—A New Era of AI|32
3|1.2 AI is Coming into Shanghai Courts|34
2|2 The Rise of AI|34
3|2.1 What is AI?|34
3|2.2 The Development of AI|35
3|2.3 New Development Trends of AI|38
3|2.4 AI and Chess, Computer, Internet and Military Affairs|39
2|3 AI—A National Strategy|43
3|3.1 China: One of the Earliest Countries to Formulate AI Development Plans|43
3|3.2 United States: White House Issues Strategic Planning for AI Development|45
3|3.3 Key Strategies of AI Development in Major Countries of the World|46
2|References|49
1|2 Application of AI in Judicial Practice|50
2|1 The Application of AI in Judicial Practice—The Need of the Times|50
3|1.1 The Application of AI is the Requirement of Judicial Development|50
3|1.2 The Possibility of the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|51
3|1.3 Many Countries in the World have Applied AI in Judicial Practice|51
2|2 The Application of AI in Judicial Practice in China|53
3|2.1 Incorporating AI into National Planning|53
3|2.2 Obvious Effects of AI Application|53
3|2.3 Construction of Intelligent Courts|54
3|2.4 Construction of “Intelligent Procuratorial Work”|55
3|2.5 The Construction of Intelligent Public Security|56
3|2.6 The Xue Liang Project|57
2|3 The Pioneering Work of Shanghai Court in Building Intelligent Courts|57
3|3.1 The Big Data Trial Assistive System has Helped to Realize Intelligent Handling of Cases|58
3|3.2 The Big Data Judicial Openness System Helps to Realize Justice in a Visible Way|58
3|3.3 The Big Data Litigation Service System Provides an All-Round, Convenient and Barrier-Free Intelligent Service|59
3|3.4 Big Data Management System Helps to Realize Visual and Intelligent Court Management|59
3|3.5 Big Data Judicial Analysis System Leads to Scientific and Intelligent Judicial Decision-Making|60
1|3 AI—An Effective Way to Judicial Modernization|61
2|1 Preliminary Theories on the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|61
3|1.1 The Characteristics of Judicial Activities Provide the Basic Premise for the Application of AI|62
3|1.2 Legal Formalism Provides Theoretical Basis for the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|62
3|1.3 Legal Realism Provides Theoretical Support for AI T0 Simulate Judge’s Thinking|63
3|1.4 “Open Texture” Theory Provides Theoretical Innovation for the Application of AI in the Judicial Practice|63
2|2 The National Strategy of AI Leads Judicial Modernization|64
2|3 AI Provides Strong Technical Support for Promoting Judicial Modernization|65
2|4 AI Helps to Overcome Judicial Difficulties and Promotes Judicial Progress|65
3|4.1 Promoting Judicial Reform and Implementing the Judicial Accountability System|65
3|4.2 Preventing Cases in Which People are Unjustly, Falsely or Wrongly Charged or Sentenced and Guaranteeing Judicial Impartiality|66
3|4.3 Facilitating Judicial Openness and Making Justice Visible and Measurable|66
3|4.4 All-Round Intelligent Service to Solve Problems in Litigation|67
3|4.5 Alleviating the Phenomenon of Overloaded Cases but Relatively Fewer Staffs and Improving the Quality and Efficiency of the Trial|67
3|4.6 The Visualization and Supervision of the Whole Process to Prevent Judicial Corruption and Improve Judicial Civilization|68
2|References|68
1|Practice: AI Facilitating China’s Judicial Reform---AI Assistive System for Criminal Cases Constructed in Shanghai|69
1|4 AI Assistive System for Criminal Cases in Shanghai|70
2|1 The Decision of AI Software Development|70
2|2 Reasons for AI Software Development|70
3|2.1 The Results of Wrongful Convictions Correction|71
3|2.2 The Necessity to Advance the Litigation System Reform|71
3|2.3 The AI-Assisted Litigation Reform|72
2|3 Technological Support for the Decision-Making|73
3|3.1 Judicial Big Data: Solid Foundation of AI|73
3|3.2 Strong Computing Power: Diversified Application of AI|74
3|3.3 Deep Learning Algorithm: Core Engine of AI|74
1|5 Honor and Ambition: Shanghai High People’s Court Undertakes the Project of AI Assistive Software Development|76
2|1 The Ambition of Judicial Modernization: A Common Pursuit of China’s Legal Professionals and Scientists|76
3|1.1 To Make the Judicial Practice Scientific|76
3|1.2 Scientists’ Pursuit of the Ambition: Rule-of-Law System Based on Systems Engineering|77
3|1.3 Jurists’ Pursuit of the Ambition: Computer-Assisted Measurement of Penalty|78
3|1.4 Ambition Realization: Efforts of Generations|79
2|2 An Honorable Task with Opportunity and Difficulty|79
3|2.1 The Assignment of the Task|79
3|2.2 Opportunity in the Task|80
3|2.3 Challenges of the Task|81
2|3 Confidence and Foundation to Finish the Task|82
3|3.1 Impetus: The Pioneer Spirit of Shanghai|82
3|3.2 Foundation: Pilot Judicial Reform in Shanghai|83
3|3.3 High-Techs: Leading Position in Informatization Construction|83
2|Reference|84
1|6 Exploration, Practice and Breakthrough|85
2|1 Top-Down Design of the System|85
3|1.1 Procedure of the Task|86
3|1.2 Requirements for the Task|86
3|1.3 Targets of the Task|86
3|1.4 Partner of the Task|87
3|1.5 Base and Team of the Task|90
2|2 Orientations of the System|91
3|2.1 Problem-Oriented|91
3|2.2 Demand-Oriented|91
3|2.3 Target-Oriented and Effect-Oriented|92
2|3 Nature, Name and Definition|93
3|3.1 The Technological Nature of the System|93
3|3.2 The Assistive Nature of the System|93
3|3.3 Name and Definition of the System|94
2|Reference|94
1|7 The Basic Structure and Functions of the 206 System|95
2|1 Operation of the 206 System|95
2|2 Databases of the 206 System|96
2|3 Functions of the 206 System|98
2|4 Network and Data Security of the 206 System|102
3|4.1 Network and Communication Security|103
3|4.2 Data Security Protection Platform|103
3|4.3 Data Asset Management|104
3|4.4 Data and Blockchain Tamper Resistance System|104
3|4.5 Security of Operating System|105
1|8 The Main Functions of the 206 System|106
2|1 To Formulate Guide on Evidence Standards|107
3|1.1 Definition of Evidence|107
3|1.2 Guide on Evidence Standards|109
3|1.3 Reasons|110
3|1.4 Methods and Route|111
3|1.5 Framework and Main Contents|113
2|2 To Formulate Guide on Evidence Rules|115
3|2.1 Definition of Evidence Rules|115
3|2.2 Guide on Evidence Rules|116
3|2.3 Reasons|117
3|2.4 To Embed the Digitalized Evidence Rules into the 206 System|117
2|3 To Interrogate with Key Points|118
2|4 To Build Evidence Models|119
3|4.1 Definition of Evidence Models|119
3|4.2 Methods and Route to Formulate Evidence Models|119
3|4.3 Basis to Make the Evidence Models Work|121
3|4.4 Evidence Models as a Reminder of Problems|122
3|4.5 Functions of the Guide on Models, Standards and Rules of Evidence|123
2|5 To Review and Judge Evidence Chain and Evidence of the Whole Case|124
2|6 To Assess Degree of Social Harm|125
2|7 To Transfer Electronical Files|125
2|8 To Review the Speech Evidence|125
2|9 To Offer a Frame of Reference for Sentencing|126
2|10 To Recommend Similar Cases|126
2|11 To Assist the Court Proceedings|126
3|11.1 The Application of AI Assistive Tech on Court Trial|127
3|11.2 The Highlights of AI-Assisted Court Trial|127
2|References|128
1|9 High-Techs Applied in the 206 System|129
2|1 OCR for Recognition of Judicial Information|130
3|1.1 Technical Principle of OCR|130
3|1.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of OCR|132
3|1.3 Solutions|132
2|2 NLP for Computers-Human Interactions|135
3|2.1 Technical Principle of NLP|135
3|2.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of NLP|136
3|2.3 Solutions|136
2|3 ASR for Transformation from Audio to Text|137
3|3.1 Technical Principle of ASR|137
3|3.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of ASR|138
3|3.3 Solutions|138
2|4 NER for Key Information Selection from Mass Data|139
3|4.1 Technical Principle of NER|139
3|4.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of NER|141
3|4.3 Solutions|142
2|5 ML for Construction of Judicial Knowledge Graph|144
3|5.1 Technical Principle of ML|144
3|5.2 Difficulties in Technical Application of ML|145
3|5.3 Solutions|146
1|10 Remarkable Effects Achieved by the 206 System|148
2|1 R&D Process|148
3|1.1 R&D and Test Operation of the System 1.0|148
3|1.2 Promotion and Application the System 2.0|149
3|1.3 Full Application of the System 3.0|150
2|2 Operation of the System|150
2|3 Functions of the System|151
3|3.1 To Unify Network Platforms for Interconnection|151
3|3.2 To Unify Evidence Standards and Rules for Guidance|152
3|3.3 To Review Evidence for Preventing Wrongful Convictions|153
3|3.4 To Assist Court Trials Intelligently for Judicial Impartiality|156
3|3.5 To Integrate Multi-functions for Saving Costs|157
3|3.6 To be Fully Applied for Realizing Judicial Accountability System|158
2|4 Review and Acceptance Check|160
3|4.1 Expert Review|160
3|4.2 Evaluation and Acceptance Check|160
2|5 High Appraisal and Wide Attention|160
3|5.1 High Appreciation and Appraisal|160
2|6 Wide Attention in Society|165
3|6.1 Investigation, Study and Communication in China and Abroad|168
3|6.2 Frequent Academic Exchanges, Lectures and Seminars|168
2|7 Application of the System in Other Provinces and Cities|172
2|References|174
1|11 Extending to Civil and Administrative Fields—The Launch of Shanghai AI Assistive System for Civil and Administrative Cases|175
2|1 The Significance and Necessity of Its Research and Development|175
3|1.1 Unifying the Application of Law and Enhancing the Public Credibility of the Judiciary|176
3|1.2 Reducing the Arbitrariness of the Judiciary and Improving Its Quality|176
3|1.3 Making Case Handling More Intelligent and Efficient|176
2|2 Formulating Plans and Advancing in an Orderly Manner|177
3|2.1 Basic Principles|177
3|2.2 Establishing the Guide to Evidence Rules|178
3|2.3 Establishing the Guide to the Elements of Case Handling|178
2|3 The Framework and Function of the System|179
3|3.1 Establishing a Database of Civil and Administrative Cases|179
3|3.2 Building AI Support Platform|179
3|3.3 Functions of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|180
2|4 The Progress of the Research and Development of the System|185
3|4.1 In-depth Research and Thorough Preparation|185
3|4.2 Establishing the Guide to Evidence Rules|186
3|4.3 Establishing the Guide to Elements for Handling Cases|186
3|4.4 Establishing Evidence Models|187
3|4.5 Establishing Database of Civil and Administrative Cases|187
2|5 Functions of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|187
2|6 Trial Operation of the “Civil and Administrative 206 System”|190
3|6.1 The Successful Development and Trial Operation of the System|190
3|6.2 Favorable Comments on the System|192
1|Prospects: Opportunities and Challenges of AI: Constructing the AI-Assisted Rule of Law for the Future|195
1|12 Grasping the Opportunities of the Era, Keeping a Close Eye on the Frontiers of Science and Technology and Promoting Judicial Modernization|197
2|1 Ideas Guide Strategies; Opportunities Determine the Future|197
2|2 Keeping a Close Eye on the Frontier of Science and Technology, Applying the Latest Achievements and Promoting Judicial Progress|198
2|3 Adhering to the Problem-Oriented and Demand-Oriented Approach and Making Good Use of Scientific and Technological Tools|199
1|13 Following the Law of Justice, Promoting Human-Machine Collaboration to Better Serve the Judiciary|201
2|1 Following the Law of Justice, Grasping the Features of AI to Assist Case Handling|201
3|1.1 The Law of Justice and Its Characteristics Determine that AI Can Only Be Used as a Supplementary Case Handling Tool|201
3|1.2 The Periodic Features of AI Development Determine that AI Can Only Be Used as a Supplementary Case Handling Tool|202
2|2 Promoting Human-Machine Collaboration to Enhance the Application of AI in the Judiciary|202
2|3 Promoting Cross-border Integration, Expanding In-depth Application to Improve Intelligent Judiciary|203
3|3.1 Expanding the Application of AI in the Fields of Criminal Cases to Realize Cross-border Integration|203
3|3.2 Expansion to the Field of Civil and Administrative Cases to Realize the Intelligent Handling of Civil and Administrative Cases|204
3|3.3 Expanding the in-Depth Application of AI in the Judiciary to Realize the Intelligent Judiciary|204
3|3.4 Expanding the Application of AI in Social Governance to Promote Intelligent Governance|205
2|Reference|207
1|14 Building AI-Assisted Rule of Law for the Future, Seeking Advantages and Avoiding Disadvantages to Make AI Better Benefit Mankind|208
2|1 AI: A “Double-Edged Sword”|208
2|2 Rule of Law: A Guarantee of the Healthy and Sustainable Development of AI|209
2|3 Establishing the Evaluation and Research System and Mechanism for the Development of AI to Ensure Safe, Reliable and Controllable Development of AI|210
2|4 Establishing the Legal System of AI so that Its Development is Legally Regulated|210
2|5 Strengthening the Adjudication and Research of AI-Related Cases and Giving Full Play to the Role of Typical Cases|210
2|6 Establishing Specialized Research Institutes to Prevent Risks and Challenges|211
2|7 Strengthening the Cooperation of “Government, Industry, Education and Research” and Training Compound Talents|212
1|15 The High-Level Seminar on AI and Rule of Law Yields Fruitful Theoretical Results, Leading the Direction of Development|213
2|1 AI and the Rule of Law|214
3|1.1 High-Level Seminar Leading Theoretical Frontiers|214
3|1.2 Issuing the Shanghai Initiative on Artificial Intelligence and Future Rule of Law|216
3|1.3 Attention and Positive Response from the Society|218
1|Appendix Shanghai Initiative on Artificial Intelligence and Future Rule of Law|220
2|A.1 Artificial Intelligence and the Conceptual Framework for the Development of the Future Rule of Law|221
2|A.2 Promoting the Standardization of the Rule of Law to Guarantee the Development of Artificial Intelligence|221
2|A.3 Strengthening the Education Research and Practice in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Law|222
2|A.4 Promoting International Exchange and Cooperation of Artificial Intelligence in the Future Rule of Law|222
1|Postscript|223