File #2827: "2020_Book_ArbitrationAndHumanRights.pdf"
Text
1|Foreword|6
1|Preface|9
1|Contents|11
1|Abbreviations|15
1|1 Introduction|17
2|1.1 Setting the Scene|17
2|1.2 Organization of the Book|23
2|References|25
1|2 The ECHR: In Brief Perspective|26
2|2.1 A General Overview|26
2|2.2 The ECHR’s Enforcement Mechanism|27
2|2.3 Admissibility of Individual Applications|29
3|2.3.1 Procedural Grounds of Inadmissibility|30
3|2.3.2 Grounds of Inadmissibility Relating to the Court’s Jurisdiction|31
3|2.3.3 Grounds of Inadmissibility Relating to Merits|33
2|2.4 Interpretation of the ECHR|34
3|2.4.1 General Rules of Interpretation|35
3|2.4.2 The Object and Purpose of the Convention|35
3|2.4.3 Evolutive Interpretation|36
3|2.4.4 Common Standards|37
3|2.4.5 Margin of Appreciation|38
3|2.4.6 Proportionality and Fair Balance|40
3|2.4.7 Other Principles of Interpretation|41
2|2.5 Member States’ Obligations Under the ECHR|42
3|2.5.1 Positive Obligations|44
2|2.6 Summary|47
2|References|47
1|3 Arbitration and the ECHR|49
2|3.1 Introduction|49
2|3.2 Arbitration and the ECHR: Approaches of Application|52
3|3.2.1 Absolute Non-applicability|52
3|3.2.2 Direct Applicability|56
3|3.2.3 Indirect Applicability|59
2|3.3 ECHR Provisions and Their Applicability to Arbitration|61
3|3.3.1 Article 6(1) of the ECHR and the Right to a Fair Trial|63
3|3.3.2 Other ECHR Provisions|73
2|3.4 Arbitration Agreement—A Waiver of the Convention’s Rights?|78
3|3.4.1 Arbitral Tribunals and the ECHR|79
3|3.4.2 Arbitration Agreement as a Waiver of the Rights of Article 6(1) of the ECHR|81
3|3.4.3 Permissibility of a Waiver|84
2|3.5 Formal Conditions of a Valid Waiver|94
3|3.5.1 The Condition of Absence of Constraint|95
3|3.5.2 The Condition of Unequivocality|97
3|3.5.3 The Condition of Lawfulness|99
3|3.5.4 The Condition of Minimum Safeguards|100
3|3.5.5 The Condition of Public Interest|101
2|3.6 Summary|103
2|References|105
1|4 Setting-Aside Proceedings—Overview, Genesis and Grounds for Annulment|107
2|4.1 Overview and Genesis of Setting-Aside Proceedings|107
2|4.2 Theoretical Considerations|112
2|4.3 Sources and Jurisdiction, Time-Limits and Decisions Subject to Annulment|116
2|4.4 The UNCITRAL Model Law|119
3|4.4.1 Article 34 of the UNCITRAL Model Law and Grounds for Annulment|122
2|4.5 Summary|140
2|References|141
1|5 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards—Exclusion Agreements|144
2|5.1 Introduction|144
2|5.2 Switzerland|147
3|5.2.1 Overview of the Provision|147
3|5.2.2 Prerequisites|150
3|5.2.3 Effects and Consequences|154
3|5.2.4 Article 192(1) of the PILA and the ECHR|157
2|5.3 France|166
3|5.3.1 Overview of the Provision|166
3|5.3.2 Prerequisites|167
3|5.3.3 Effects and Consequences|169
2|5.4 Sweden|172
3|5.4.1 Overview of the Provision|172
3|5.4.2 Prerequisites|173
3|5.4.3 Effects and Consequences|178
2|5.5 Belgium|179
3|5.5.1 Overview of the Provision|179
3|5.5.2 Prerequisites|180
3|5.5.3 Effects and Consequences|181
2|5.6 Other States|182
3|5.6.1 The Liberal Approach|183
3|5.6.2 The Restrictive Approach|187
3|5.6.3 The Intermediate Approach|195
2|5.7 Summary|197
2|References|200
1|6 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards—Total Exclusion|205
2|6.1 Introduction|205
2|6.2 Belgium|208
2|6.3 Malaysia|211
2|6.4 Kyrgyzstan|214
2|6.5 Latvia|215
3|6.5.1 Arbitration in Latvia—A Brief Summary|217
3|6.5.2 Total Lack of Setting-Aside Proceedings in the Latvian Arbitration Law|227
2|6.6 Summary|247
2|References|249
1|7 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards and Their Compatibility with the ECHR|253
2|7.1 Introduction|253
2|7.2 Exclusion Agreements and Their Compatibility with the ECHR|254
3|7.2.1 Exclusion Agreements and the Waiver Theory—Is the ECtHR’s Decision in Tabbane v. Switzerland Set in Stone?|257
3|7.2.2 Permissibility of Exclusion Agreements—Non-waivable Rights of Article 6(1) of the ECHR and Their Relation to Setting-Aside Proceedings|276
2|7.3 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings—Permissible Under the ECHR?|300
3|7.3.1 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings and the Waiver Theory|302
3|7.3.2 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings and the Right of Access to a Court|309
3|7.3.3 Interim Conclusion|325
2|7.4 Summary|328
2|References|333
1|8 Conclusion|335
2|References|345
1|Preface|9
1|Contents|11
1|Abbreviations|15
1|1 Introduction|17
2|1.1 Setting the Scene|17
2|1.2 Organization of the Book|23
2|References|25
1|2 The ECHR: In Brief Perspective|26
2|2.1 A General Overview|26
2|2.2 The ECHR’s Enforcement Mechanism|27
2|2.3 Admissibility of Individual Applications|29
3|2.3.1 Procedural Grounds of Inadmissibility|30
3|2.3.2 Grounds of Inadmissibility Relating to the Court’s Jurisdiction|31
3|2.3.3 Grounds of Inadmissibility Relating to Merits|33
2|2.4 Interpretation of the ECHR|34
3|2.4.1 General Rules of Interpretation|35
3|2.4.2 The Object and Purpose of the Convention|35
3|2.4.3 Evolutive Interpretation|36
3|2.4.4 Common Standards|37
3|2.4.5 Margin of Appreciation|38
3|2.4.6 Proportionality and Fair Balance|40
3|2.4.7 Other Principles of Interpretation|41
2|2.5 Member States’ Obligations Under the ECHR|42
3|2.5.1 Positive Obligations|44
2|2.6 Summary|47
2|References|47
1|3 Arbitration and the ECHR|49
2|3.1 Introduction|49
2|3.2 Arbitration and the ECHR: Approaches of Application|52
3|3.2.1 Absolute Non-applicability|52
3|3.2.2 Direct Applicability|56
3|3.2.3 Indirect Applicability|59
2|3.3 ECHR Provisions and Their Applicability to Arbitration|61
3|3.3.1 Article 6(1) of the ECHR and the Right to a Fair Trial|63
3|3.3.2 Other ECHR Provisions|73
2|3.4 Arbitration Agreement—A Waiver of the Convention’s Rights?|78
3|3.4.1 Arbitral Tribunals and the ECHR|79
3|3.4.2 Arbitration Agreement as a Waiver of the Rights of Article 6(1) of the ECHR|81
3|3.4.3 Permissibility of a Waiver|84
2|3.5 Formal Conditions of a Valid Waiver|94
3|3.5.1 The Condition of Absence of Constraint|95
3|3.5.2 The Condition of Unequivocality|97
3|3.5.3 The Condition of Lawfulness|99
3|3.5.4 The Condition of Minimum Safeguards|100
3|3.5.5 The Condition of Public Interest|101
2|3.6 Summary|103
2|References|105
1|4 Setting-Aside Proceedings—Overview, Genesis and Grounds for Annulment|107
2|4.1 Overview and Genesis of Setting-Aside Proceedings|107
2|4.2 Theoretical Considerations|112
2|4.3 Sources and Jurisdiction, Time-Limits and Decisions Subject to Annulment|116
2|4.4 The UNCITRAL Model Law|119
3|4.4.1 Article 34 of the UNCITRAL Model Law and Grounds for Annulment|122
2|4.5 Summary|140
2|References|141
1|5 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards—Exclusion Agreements|144
2|5.1 Introduction|144
2|5.2 Switzerland|147
3|5.2.1 Overview of the Provision|147
3|5.2.2 Prerequisites|150
3|5.2.3 Effects and Consequences|154
3|5.2.4 Article 192(1) of the PILA and the ECHR|157
2|5.3 France|166
3|5.3.1 Overview of the Provision|166
3|5.3.2 Prerequisites|167
3|5.3.3 Effects and Consequences|169
2|5.4 Sweden|172
3|5.4.1 Overview of the Provision|172
3|5.4.2 Prerequisites|173
3|5.4.3 Effects and Consequences|178
2|5.5 Belgium|179
3|5.5.1 Overview of the Provision|179
3|5.5.2 Prerequisites|180
3|5.5.3 Effects and Consequences|181
2|5.6 Other States|182
3|5.6.1 The Liberal Approach|183
3|5.6.2 The Restrictive Approach|187
3|5.6.3 The Intermediate Approach|195
2|5.7 Summary|197
2|References|200
1|6 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards—Total Exclusion|205
2|6.1 Introduction|205
2|6.2 Belgium|208
2|6.3 Malaysia|211
2|6.4 Kyrgyzstan|214
2|6.5 Latvia|215
3|6.5.1 Arbitration in Latvia—A Brief Summary|217
3|6.5.2 Total Lack of Setting-Aside Proceedings in the Latvian Arbitration Law|227
2|6.6 Summary|247
2|References|249
1|7 Approaches to Excluding the Annulment of Arbitral Awards and Their Compatibility with the ECHR|253
2|7.1 Introduction|253
2|7.2 Exclusion Agreements and Their Compatibility with the ECHR|254
3|7.2.1 Exclusion Agreements and the Waiver Theory—Is the ECtHR’s Decision in Tabbane v. Switzerland Set in Stone?|257
3|7.2.2 Permissibility of Exclusion Agreements—Non-waivable Rights of Article 6(1) of the ECHR and Their Relation to Setting-Aside Proceedings|276
2|7.3 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings—Permissible Under the ECHR?|300
3|7.3.1 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings and the Waiver Theory|302
3|7.3.2 Total Exclusion of Setting-Aside Proceedings and the Right of Access to a Court|309
3|7.3.3 Interim Conclusion|325
2|7.4 Summary|328
2|References|333
1|8 Conclusion|335
2|References|345