File #2786: "2019_Book_TransnationalDrugTraffickingAc.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface|7
1|Acknowledgements|11
1|Contents|13
1|Abbreviations|17
1|List of Figures|19
1|List of Tables|20
1|1 Introduction|21
2|Theoretical Application|23
2|Research Methods|28
3|Qualitative Research Sites|28
3|Data Collection|30
4|Participant Observation|30
4|Interviews|32
4|Fieldwork|34
3|Constructing the Questionnaire and Its Samples|34
3|Pilot and Survey Response Rate|39
3|Some Constraints and Solutions|41
4|Practical Concerns|41
4|Ethical Concerns|42
4|Political Concerns|42
2|References|43
1|2 Drug Trafficking Across Vietnam’s Borderlands|46
2|Background: Vietnam|47
3|The Impact of Geography|47
3|The Impact of Climate|51
3|The Impact of the Population Structure|52
2|Drug Trafficking in Mainland South-East Asia|55
3|Drug Production, Consumption, and Trafficking: An Overview|55
3|Laos Illicit Drug Markets|57
3|Drug Concerns in Vietnam|60
3|Transnational Narcotics Trafficking|62
2|References|66
1|3 Family-Based Structures and Association with Fellow-Countrymen|72
2|Group Size|73
2|The Central Actors|81
2|Adaptability and Flexibility|86
2|Age and Responsibility|90
2|Family-Based Structures|93
2|Association with Fellow Countrymen|102
3|Ensuring Trust for Co-offending|103
3|Establishing a Close-Knit Community|106
2|References|108
1|4 Modus Operandi of Cross-Border Drug Trafficking in Vietnam|113
2|Preparation|116
3|Exploiting Drug Sources|116
3|Sale-and-Buy Agreement|118
3|Protecting Drug Operations Against Sanctions|120
2|Pre-activity|121
3|Pack-and-Conceal Process|121
4|Before “Goods” Arrive in Vietnam|121
4|Receipt and Handling in Vietnam|123
3|Transporting|124
4|From Laos to Vietnam|124
4|In Vietnam|125
2|Activity|125
3|Exchange Processes|125
3|Cutting|128
2|Post-activity|129
3|Distribution|129
3|Illegal Profits|131
2|References|136
1|5 Barriers to Combating Transnational Narcotics Trafficking|141
2|Porous Borders and Their “Blurred Points”|143
2|Data Sharing and Related Information|147
2|Inability to Build Cooperative Instruments|150
2|Uneven Distribution of Law Enforcement|153
2|Increased Transport and Trade Across Shared Borders|157
2|References|160
1|6 Proposed Initiatives to Combat Cross-Border Drug Trafficking|164
2|Recommendation 1: Improve Technological Controls at Border Checkpoints|168
3|Initiative 1: Developing Human Resources at BLOs|168
3|Initiative 2: Providing Modern Equipment and Technical Applications|168
3|Initiative 3: Encouraging Use of E-Passport at Cross-Border Checkpoints|170
2|Recommendation 2: Establish Mechanisms to Improve Data Collection and Sharing|171
3|Initiative 4: Establishing an Intelligence Database Between Two Countries|171
3|Initiative 5: Information and Data Sharing at BLOs|174
2|Recommendation 3: Link Border Liaison Offices to Intelligence Centres and Other Specialized Units|175
3|Initiative 6: Joint Investigation Between LEAs and BLOs|175
3|Initiative 7: Constructing an Online Website Dedicated to Combating CBDT|177
3|Initiative 8: Establishing New BLOs on Both Sides of the Remaining International Border Gates|177
2|Recommendation 4: Improving Anti-Narcotics Trafficking Skills in a Coherent and Sustainable Way around the Region|178
3|Initiative 9: Enhancing Education and Training for LEA Officers|178
3|Initiative 10: Promoting the Building of an ASEAN Centre on Transnational Crime and Establishment of an ASEAN Police College|180
2|Recommendation 5: Promote Standard Operating Procedures for Bilateral Drug Control Cooperation at the Border|181
3|Initiative 11: Utilizing Controlled Delivery Techniques to Investigate CBDT Cases|182
2|References|183
1|7 Conclusions|186
2|Organizational Structure and Modus Operandi of CBDT in Vietnam|187
2|Challenges and Priorities in the Battle Against CBDT|192
2|Next Steps|195
2|References|197
1|References|200
1|Index|219
1|Acknowledgements|11
1|Contents|13
1|Abbreviations|17
1|List of Figures|19
1|List of Tables|20
1|1 Introduction|21
2|Theoretical Application|23
2|Research Methods|28
3|Qualitative Research Sites|28
3|Data Collection|30
4|Participant Observation|30
4|Interviews|32
4|Fieldwork|34
3|Constructing the Questionnaire and Its Samples|34
3|Pilot and Survey Response Rate|39
3|Some Constraints and Solutions|41
4|Practical Concerns|41
4|Ethical Concerns|42
4|Political Concerns|42
2|References|43
1|2 Drug Trafficking Across Vietnam’s Borderlands|46
2|Background: Vietnam|47
3|The Impact of Geography|47
3|The Impact of Climate|51
3|The Impact of the Population Structure|52
2|Drug Trafficking in Mainland South-East Asia|55
3|Drug Production, Consumption, and Trafficking: An Overview|55
3|Laos Illicit Drug Markets|57
3|Drug Concerns in Vietnam|60
3|Transnational Narcotics Trafficking|62
2|References|66
1|3 Family-Based Structures and Association with Fellow-Countrymen|72
2|Group Size|73
2|The Central Actors|81
2|Adaptability and Flexibility|86
2|Age and Responsibility|90
2|Family-Based Structures|93
2|Association with Fellow Countrymen|102
3|Ensuring Trust for Co-offending|103
3|Establishing a Close-Knit Community|106
2|References|108
1|4 Modus Operandi of Cross-Border Drug Trafficking in Vietnam|113
2|Preparation|116
3|Exploiting Drug Sources|116
3|Sale-and-Buy Agreement|118
3|Protecting Drug Operations Against Sanctions|120
2|Pre-activity|121
3|Pack-and-Conceal Process|121
4|Before “Goods” Arrive in Vietnam|121
4|Receipt and Handling in Vietnam|123
3|Transporting|124
4|From Laos to Vietnam|124
4|In Vietnam|125
2|Activity|125
3|Exchange Processes|125
3|Cutting|128
2|Post-activity|129
3|Distribution|129
3|Illegal Profits|131
2|References|136
1|5 Barriers to Combating Transnational Narcotics Trafficking|141
2|Porous Borders and Their “Blurred Points”|143
2|Data Sharing and Related Information|147
2|Inability to Build Cooperative Instruments|150
2|Uneven Distribution of Law Enforcement|153
2|Increased Transport and Trade Across Shared Borders|157
2|References|160
1|6 Proposed Initiatives to Combat Cross-Border Drug Trafficking|164
2|Recommendation 1: Improve Technological Controls at Border Checkpoints|168
3|Initiative 1: Developing Human Resources at BLOs|168
3|Initiative 2: Providing Modern Equipment and Technical Applications|168
3|Initiative 3: Encouraging Use of E-Passport at Cross-Border Checkpoints|170
2|Recommendation 2: Establish Mechanisms to Improve Data Collection and Sharing|171
3|Initiative 4: Establishing an Intelligence Database Between Two Countries|171
3|Initiative 5: Information and Data Sharing at BLOs|174
2|Recommendation 3: Link Border Liaison Offices to Intelligence Centres and Other Specialized Units|175
3|Initiative 6: Joint Investigation Between LEAs and BLOs|175
3|Initiative 7: Constructing an Online Website Dedicated to Combating CBDT|177
3|Initiative 8: Establishing New BLOs on Both Sides of the Remaining International Border Gates|177
2|Recommendation 4: Improving Anti-Narcotics Trafficking Skills in a Coherent and Sustainable Way around the Region|178
3|Initiative 9: Enhancing Education and Training for LEA Officers|178
3|Initiative 10: Promoting the Building of an ASEAN Centre on Transnational Crime and Establishment of an ASEAN Police College|180
2|Recommendation 5: Promote Standard Operating Procedures for Bilateral Drug Control Cooperation at the Border|181
3|Initiative 11: Utilizing Controlled Delivery Techniques to Investigate CBDT Cases|182
2|References|183
1|7 Conclusions|186
2|Organizational Structure and Modus Operandi of CBDT in Vietnam|187
2|Challenges and Priorities in the Battle Against CBDT|192
2|Next Steps|195
2|References|197
1|References|200
1|Index|219