File #2755: "2019_Book_RecidivismInTheCaribbean.pdf"
Testo
1|Foreword|7
1|Preface|9
1|Praise for Recidivism in the Caribbean|12
1|Contents|13
1|About the Author|15
1|Abbreviations|16
1|List of Figures|20
1|List of Tables|21
1|Part I: Context|22
2|1: Recidivism and Reintegration in Jamaica: Exploring the Nexus|23
3|Introduction|23
3|Effectiveness Versus ‘Success’|24
3|Reliability of the Recidivism Indicator|26
4|Predictors|28
3|Policy Context|30
4|Parole and Probation|31
4|Resettlement Initiatives|32
4|Children in Conflict with the Law|36
3|Implications for Practice|39
3|Conclusion|40
3|The Structure of the Book|41
3|References|43
2|2: Reintegration in Troubled Communities|48
3|Introduction|48
3|Structural and Ecological Constraints|49
4|Community Disorganisation|53
3|Political Influences|56
4|Concentration Effect of Crime and Poverty|59
3|Excluding Communities in Trouble|61
4|Deviant Subcultures|65
3|Conclusion|69
3|References|70
2|3: Helping Ex-Offenders Lead Reintegrated Lives|78
3|Introduction|78
3|Overcoming Community-Level Barriers|82
4|Community Relations Boards|82
3|Support at Reentry|88
4|Meaningful Employment|89
4|Considering Gender|92
3|Opportunities in Prison|94
4|Treatment Completion|95
4|Desistance-Supportive Practices|99
4|Selection of an Appropriate Offender Management Model|101
4|Alternatives to Imprisonment|103
3|Important Role of Agency|105
4|Narrative Theory|106
4|Alternative Identities|108
3|Conclusion|108
3|References|109
2|4: Investigating the Phenomenon of Reintegration in a Developing Country Context|120
3|Introduction|120
3|Defining Research Parameters|122
4|Researcher Identity|122
4|Negotiations with Gatekeepers|124
4|Reaching the Target Population|125
4|Voluntary Participation|133
4|Considering the Governance Challenges|134
3|Ethical Considerations|136
4|Possible Harms to Participants|136
4|Researcher Physical Safety|137
4|Addressing Power Differentials|138
3|Data Interpretation|139
4|Epistemological Position|139
4|Adaptive Theory|140
4|Thematic Analysis|143
3|Ensuring Qualitative Rigour|143
4|Undertaking a Pilot|144
4|Ensuring Credibility and Avoiding Researcher Bias|144
3|Strengths and Limitations of the Study|148
3|Conclusion|151
3|References|152
1|Part II: Facilitators|156
2|5: Attempts to Lead Reintegrated Lives: Ex-Offender Perspectives|157
3|Introduction|157
3|Maintaining a Positive Mindset|158
4|Generativity|159
3|Shame Management|161
4|Reintegrative Shaming|162
3|Encouraging Prosocial Family Bonds|169
3|Internal Decision to Change|174
4|Self-Rehabilitation|175
3|Conclusion|185
3|References|186
2|6: In Search of the Silver Bullet: Insights from Professionals|190
3|Introduction|190
3|Human and Financial Resource Opportunities|191
4|Mainstreaming Restorative Justice|197
4|Work Release Programme (WRP) Eligibility|199
4|Rehabilitation Grant|202
4|Scaling Up Assistance for Ex-Inmates|206
3|Need for Greater Complementarity|211
3|Personal Agency|220
3|Conclusion|225
3|References|226
1|Part III: Barriers|231
2|7: After Rehabilitation and Release|232
3|Introduction|232
3|Marginalisation and Poverty|233
4|Role of Stigma|239
4|Right to Life Deprived|240
4|Marginalised and Disadvantaged Communities|241
3|Securing Their Integration|259
4|Exclusion from Work Opportunities|261
4|Reformed Career Gun-for-Hire: A Case Study|264
3|Conclusion|267
3|References|268
2|8: ‘Back to Square One’: The Role of Imprisonment|273
3|Introduction|273
3|Correctional Interventions|274
4|Orderly System|275
4|Drug Treatment and Counselling Programmes|278
4|Educational and Skills Training|285
4|Prison-to-Work Transition|288
3|Poor Conditions of Detention|291
4|Poor Hygiene and Limited Bed Spaces|293
4|Gender-Insensitive Practices|296
4|Insecure Custody and Deviant Identities|301
3|Inmate-Correctional Officer Relations|304
3|Conclusion|309
3|References|310
1|Part IV: A Way Forward|314
2|9: ‘Redemption Songs’: A Critical Race Theory Perspective|315
3|Introduction|315
3|Understanding Through Intersectionality Within CRT Lens|318
3|Towards a Caribbean CRT|320
4|Inadequate In-Prison Provisions|323
4|Family Support|325
4|NGOs Not Providing the Best Possible Care|327
4|Personal Agency|328
4|Social Exclusion|330
3|Needed Changes in Policy, Practice and Perspectives|333
4|Human, Financial and Resource Challenges|338
4|Punitive and Gender-Blind Responses|339
3|Implications for Criminal Justice Policy Outside the Caribbean Context|342
3|Conclusion|343
3|Future Research|344
3|Challenges Faced by RMs|345
3|Tracer Studies|345
3|Impact of Incarceration on Jamaican Men and Their Children|346
3|Longitudinal Study|346
3|References|347
1|Index|351
1|Preface|9
1|Praise for Recidivism in the Caribbean|12
1|Contents|13
1|About the Author|15
1|Abbreviations|16
1|List of Figures|20
1|List of Tables|21
1|Part I: Context|22
2|1: Recidivism and Reintegration in Jamaica: Exploring the Nexus|23
3|Introduction|23
3|Effectiveness Versus ‘Success’|24
3|Reliability of the Recidivism Indicator|26
4|Predictors|28
3|Policy Context|30
4|Parole and Probation|31
4|Resettlement Initiatives|32
4|Children in Conflict with the Law|36
3|Implications for Practice|39
3|Conclusion|40
3|The Structure of the Book|41
3|References|43
2|2: Reintegration in Troubled Communities|48
3|Introduction|48
3|Structural and Ecological Constraints|49
4|Community Disorganisation|53
3|Political Influences|56
4|Concentration Effect of Crime and Poverty|59
3|Excluding Communities in Trouble|61
4|Deviant Subcultures|65
3|Conclusion|69
3|References|70
2|3: Helping Ex-Offenders Lead Reintegrated Lives|78
3|Introduction|78
3|Overcoming Community-Level Barriers|82
4|Community Relations Boards|82
3|Support at Reentry|88
4|Meaningful Employment|89
4|Considering Gender|92
3|Opportunities in Prison|94
4|Treatment Completion|95
4|Desistance-Supportive Practices|99
4|Selection of an Appropriate Offender Management Model|101
4|Alternatives to Imprisonment|103
3|Important Role of Agency|105
4|Narrative Theory|106
4|Alternative Identities|108
3|Conclusion|108
3|References|109
2|4: Investigating the Phenomenon of Reintegration in a Developing Country Context|120
3|Introduction|120
3|Defining Research Parameters|122
4|Researcher Identity|122
4|Negotiations with Gatekeepers|124
4|Reaching the Target Population|125
4|Voluntary Participation|133
4|Considering the Governance Challenges|134
3|Ethical Considerations|136
4|Possible Harms to Participants|136
4|Researcher Physical Safety|137
4|Addressing Power Differentials|138
3|Data Interpretation|139
4|Epistemological Position|139
4|Adaptive Theory|140
4|Thematic Analysis|143
3|Ensuring Qualitative Rigour|143
4|Undertaking a Pilot|144
4|Ensuring Credibility and Avoiding Researcher Bias|144
3|Strengths and Limitations of the Study|148
3|Conclusion|151
3|References|152
1|Part II: Facilitators|156
2|5: Attempts to Lead Reintegrated Lives: Ex-Offender Perspectives|157
3|Introduction|157
3|Maintaining a Positive Mindset|158
4|Generativity|159
3|Shame Management|161
4|Reintegrative Shaming|162
3|Encouraging Prosocial Family Bonds|169
3|Internal Decision to Change|174
4|Self-Rehabilitation|175
3|Conclusion|185
3|References|186
2|6: In Search of the Silver Bullet: Insights from Professionals|190
3|Introduction|190
3|Human and Financial Resource Opportunities|191
4|Mainstreaming Restorative Justice|197
4|Work Release Programme (WRP) Eligibility|199
4|Rehabilitation Grant|202
4|Scaling Up Assistance for Ex-Inmates|206
3|Need for Greater Complementarity|211
3|Personal Agency|220
3|Conclusion|225
3|References|226
1|Part III: Barriers|231
2|7: After Rehabilitation and Release|232
3|Introduction|232
3|Marginalisation and Poverty|233
4|Role of Stigma|239
4|Right to Life Deprived|240
4|Marginalised and Disadvantaged Communities|241
3|Securing Their Integration|259
4|Exclusion from Work Opportunities|261
4|Reformed Career Gun-for-Hire: A Case Study|264
3|Conclusion|267
3|References|268
2|8: ‘Back to Square One’: The Role of Imprisonment|273
3|Introduction|273
3|Correctional Interventions|274
4|Orderly System|275
4|Drug Treatment and Counselling Programmes|278
4|Educational and Skills Training|285
4|Prison-to-Work Transition|288
3|Poor Conditions of Detention|291
4|Poor Hygiene and Limited Bed Spaces|293
4|Gender-Insensitive Practices|296
4|Insecure Custody and Deviant Identities|301
3|Inmate-Correctional Officer Relations|304
3|Conclusion|309
3|References|310
1|Part IV: A Way Forward|314
2|9: ‘Redemption Songs’: A Critical Race Theory Perspective|315
3|Introduction|315
3|Understanding Through Intersectionality Within CRT Lens|318
3|Towards a Caribbean CRT|320
4|Inadequate In-Prison Provisions|323
4|Family Support|325
4|NGOs Not Providing the Best Possible Care|327
4|Personal Agency|328
4|Social Exclusion|330
3|Needed Changes in Policy, Practice and Perspectives|333
4|Human, Financial and Resource Challenges|338
4|Punitive and Gender-Blind Responses|339
3|Implications for Criminal Justice Policy Outside the Caribbean Context|342
3|Conclusion|343
3|Future Research|344
3|Challenges Faced by RMs|345
3|Tracer Studies|345
3|Impact of Incarceration on Jamaican Men and Their Children|346
3|Longitudinal Study|346
3|References|347
1|Index|351