File #2551: "2019_Book_SportingNationalityInTheContex.pdf"

1|Preface|6
1|Contents|8
1|Abbreviations|10
1|1 Introduction|12
2|References|16
2|Legal Documents|16
2|Cases|16
2|Bibliography|16
1|2 Legal Status and Autonomy of International Sporting Governing Bodies and Rules Governing Sporting Nationality|18
2|2.1 Legal Status and Autonomy of International Sporting Governing Bodies|18
2|2.2 Binding Effect of International Sporting Governing Bodies’ Rules on Athletes and Other Persons|22
2|2.3 International Sporting Governing Bodies’ Rules Determining Athletes’ Eligibility for National Teams|24
2|References|31
2|Legal Documents|31
2|Cases|31
2|Bibliography|31
1|3 European Union Law and Sporting Nationality: Scope, Restriction, Justification|34
2|3.1 Do Rules Governing Sporting Nationality Fall Within the Scope of European Union Law?|34
3|3.1.1 Before Meca-Medina & Majcen: National Teams Exception|35
3|3.1.2 After Meca-Medina & Majcen: Focus on Justification|39
4|3.1.2.1 The Principle of Equal Treatment and Non-discrimination|41
4|3.1.2.2 Citizenship of the European Union|43
4|3.1.2.3 Free Movement of Workers|44
4|3.1.2.4 Freedom to Provide Services|45
4|3.1.2.5 Freedom of Establishment|46
4|3.1.2.6 Competition Law|47
4|3.1.2.7 Fundamental Rights|47
2|3.2 Sporting Nationality Rules as a Restriction to European Union Law|49
2|3.3 Justification and Proportionality of Sporting Nationality Rules Constituting a Restriction to European Union Law|50
3|3.3.1 Treaty Derogations|50
3|3.3.2 Rule of Reason|52
3|3.3.3 Principle of Proportionality|54
2|References|55
2|Legal Documents|55
2|Cases|55
2|Bibliography|56
1|4 Meca-Medina & Majcen: A New Way Forward|57
2|4.1 Demise of the Purely Sporting Rule Exception|57
2|4.2 Context, Objective, Inherence and Proportionality|61
2|References|64
2|Cases|64
2|Bibliography|65
1|5 European Union Law and Sporting Nationality: Dangerous Liaison?|66
2|5.1 Sporting Rules Outside the Scope of European Union Law|67
2|5.2 Rules Governing Sporting Nationality Which Constitute a Restriction to European Union Law that May Be Justified and Proportionate|69
3|5.2.1 Rules Governing the Election of Sporting Nationality|72
3|5.2.2 Waiting Periods|74
2|5.3 Sporting Nationality Rules that Constitute a Disproportionate and Unjustifiable Restriction to European Union Law|78
3|5.3.1 Quotas of Naturalised Athletes|79
3|5.3.2 Rules Prohibiting the Modification of Sporting Nationality|82
2|References|86
2|Legal Documents|86
2|Cases|86
2|Bibliography|87
1|6 European Union Law and Sporting Nationality: Creating a Promising Alliance|89
2|6.1 General Recommendations for International Sporting Governing Bodies with Regard to EU Law|89
2|6.2 Concrete Recommendations for International Sporting Governing Bodies on How to Adapt Their Sporting Nationality Rules to EU Law Requirements|92
3|6.2.1 Recommendations on Rules Prohibiting the Modification of Sporting Nationality: Let Athletes Change Their Eligibility|92
3|6.2.2 Recommendations on Waiting Periods: Harmonise or Shorten|93
3|6.2.3 Recommendations on Quotas of Naturalised Athletes: Up to Half of the Team|97
2|References|99
2|Legal Documents|99
2|Cases|99
2|Bibliography|99
1|7 Conclusion|101
1|Annexes|103
2|Annex No. 1: List of International Sporting Governing Bodies|103