File #2312: "2018_Book_KillingTime.pdf"
Text
1|Preface|6
1|Acknowledgements|9
1|Contents|11
1|List of Figures|12
1|1: Same Crime, Different Time|13
2|Introduction|13
2|From Leniency to Severity|16
2|A Note on Methodology|25
3|The Role of Risk|30
3|A Punitive Turn?|34
3|Accounting for Politics|37
2|Law as a Counterpoint|38
2|Conclusion|40
2|References|44
3|Table of Legal Instruments|48
3|Table of Cases|48
3|European Court of Human Rights|48
3|Ireland|48
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|49
1|2: The Rise of Life Imprisonment|50
2|Introduction|50
2|The New Ultimate Penalty|51
2|From Capital Punishment to Life Imprisonment|55
2|Life Imprisonment for Murder|56
2|Discretionary Life Sentences|59
2|Life Meaning Life|62
2|Consecutive and Concurrent Sentences|63
2|Children and Life Imprisonment|64
2|Conclusion|65
2|References|67
3|Table of Legal Instruments|71
3|Table of Cases|71
3|European Court of Human Rights|71
3|Ireland|71
3|USA|72
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|72
1|3: The Cycle of Life|73
2|Introduction|73
2|Parole in Ireland|75
2|The Origins of the Process|76
2|Parole in Practice|79
3|The Minimum Term|79
3|The Review Process|81
4|Offender Input|82
4|Victim Input|86
2|Parole Decision-Making|88
3|Parole Decision-Makers|90
3|Criteria|93
3|Recommendations and Decisions|96
3|The Review Process Cycle|98
3|Release and Revocation|100
2|Navigating the Process as a Life Sentence Prisoner|105
2|Conclusion|106
2|References|107
3|Table of Legal Instruments|111
3|Table of Cases|111
3|England and Wales|111
3|European Court of Human Rights|112
3|Ireland|112
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|112
1|4: The Risk Factor|113
2|Introduction|113
2|Risk and Risk Assessment|114
2|Public Protection and Parole|119
3|Risk Assessment and Communication|121
4|Common Sense, Good and Bad|124
3|A Culture of Cautiousness|126
3|Risk Assessment, Parole Board Style|129
4|Previous Criminal History|132
4|Nature and Gravity of the Offence|133
4|Treatment Participation|136
4|Offender Re-entry and Community Support|138
4|Antisocial Attitudes|139
4|Substance Use|141
4|Family and Community Influences|142
4|Educational Attainment|143
4|Age|143
4|Institutional Conduct|145
4|Learning Disability|146
4|Mental Illness|147
2|Conclusion|148
2|References|149
3|Table of Legal Instruments|156
3|Table of Cases|156
3|Ireland|156
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|156
1|5: Punishment, Public Opinion and Politics|157
2|Introduction|157
2|Evidence of Punitivism|158
2|The Intensification of Punishment|163
2|Incorporating Public Opinion|170
2|The Role of Politics|176
3|Malcolm Macarthur: Political Prisoner?|179
2|The Minister’s Perspective|182
2|Conclusion|188
2|References|189
3|Table of Legislation|194
3|Table of Cases|195
3|Ireland|195
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|195
1|6: The Realities of the Situation|196
2|Introduction|196
2|The Legal Interpretation of the Life Sentence|200
2|The ‘wholly punitive’ Life Sentence|202
2|The Problem with Preventive Detention|204
2|The Role of the Executive|208
2|The Right to Review|210
2|Conclusion|213
2|References|213
3|Table of Legal Instruments|215
3|Table of Cases|215
3|England and Wales|215
3|European Court of Human Rights|215
3|Ireland|215
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|216
1|7: Different Process, Same Outcome?|217
2|Introduction|217
2|The Parole Bill 2016|220
3|The Minimum Term|221
3|The Decision-Makers|222
3|The Decision-Making Process|223
3|The Criteria: Risk and the Rest|225
3|Release and Revocation|227
2|Legal Implications|229
2|Process Versus Outcome|230
2|Conclusion|231
2|References|235
3|Table of Legal Instruments|236
3|Table of Cases|236
3|England and Wales|236
3|European Court of Human Rights|236
3|Ireland|237
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|237
1|Appendix|238
2|Collecting and Analysing the Qualitative Data|238
2|Negotiating Access|238
2|Participants|239
2|The Interview|240
2|Consent and Ethics|241
2|Data Analysis|241
2|Limitations|243
1|Index|245
1|Acknowledgements|9
1|Contents|11
1|List of Figures|12
1|1: Same Crime, Different Time|13
2|Introduction|13
2|From Leniency to Severity|16
2|A Note on Methodology|25
3|The Role of Risk|30
3|A Punitive Turn?|34
3|Accounting for Politics|37
2|Law as a Counterpoint|38
2|Conclusion|40
2|References|44
3|Table of Legal Instruments|48
3|Table of Cases|48
3|European Court of Human Rights|48
3|Ireland|48
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|49
1|2: The Rise of Life Imprisonment|50
2|Introduction|50
2|The New Ultimate Penalty|51
2|From Capital Punishment to Life Imprisonment|55
2|Life Imprisonment for Murder|56
2|Discretionary Life Sentences|59
2|Life Meaning Life|62
2|Consecutive and Concurrent Sentences|63
2|Children and Life Imprisonment|64
2|Conclusion|65
2|References|67
3|Table of Legal Instruments|71
3|Table of Cases|71
3|European Court of Human Rights|71
3|Ireland|71
3|USA|72
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|72
1|3: The Cycle of Life|73
2|Introduction|73
2|Parole in Ireland|75
2|The Origins of the Process|76
2|Parole in Practice|79
3|The Minimum Term|79
3|The Review Process|81
4|Offender Input|82
4|Victim Input|86
2|Parole Decision-Making|88
3|Parole Decision-Makers|90
3|Criteria|93
3|Recommendations and Decisions|96
3|The Review Process Cycle|98
3|Release and Revocation|100
2|Navigating the Process as a Life Sentence Prisoner|105
2|Conclusion|106
2|References|107
3|Table of Legal Instruments|111
3|Table of Cases|111
3|England and Wales|111
3|European Court of Human Rights|112
3|Ireland|112
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|112
1|4: The Risk Factor|113
2|Introduction|113
2|Risk and Risk Assessment|114
2|Public Protection and Parole|119
3|Risk Assessment and Communication|121
4|Common Sense, Good and Bad|124
3|A Culture of Cautiousness|126
3|Risk Assessment, Parole Board Style|129
4|Previous Criminal History|132
4|Nature and Gravity of the Offence|133
4|Treatment Participation|136
4|Offender Re-entry and Community Support|138
4|Antisocial Attitudes|139
4|Substance Use|141
4|Family and Community Influences|142
4|Educational Attainment|143
4|Age|143
4|Institutional Conduct|145
4|Learning Disability|146
4|Mental Illness|147
2|Conclusion|148
2|References|149
3|Table of Legal Instruments|156
3|Table of Cases|156
3|Ireland|156
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|156
1|5: Punishment, Public Opinion and Politics|157
2|Introduction|157
2|Evidence of Punitivism|158
2|The Intensification of Punishment|163
2|Incorporating Public Opinion|170
2|The Role of Politics|176
3|Malcolm Macarthur: Political Prisoner?|179
2|The Minister’s Perspective|182
2|Conclusion|188
2|References|189
3|Table of Legislation|194
3|Table of Cases|195
3|Ireland|195
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|195
1|6: The Realities of the Situation|196
2|Introduction|196
2|The Legal Interpretation of the Life Sentence|200
2|The ‘wholly punitive’ Life Sentence|202
2|The Problem with Preventive Detention|204
2|The Role of the Executive|208
2|The Right to Review|210
2|Conclusion|213
2|References|213
3|Table of Legal Instruments|215
3|Table of Cases|215
3|England and Wales|215
3|European Court of Human Rights|215
3|Ireland|215
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|216
1|7: Different Process, Same Outcome?|217
2|Introduction|217
2|The Parole Bill 2016|220
3|The Minimum Term|221
3|The Decision-Makers|222
3|The Decision-Making Process|223
3|The Criteria: Risk and the Rest|225
3|Release and Revocation|227
2|Legal Implications|229
2|Process Versus Outcome|230
2|Conclusion|231
2|References|235
3|Table of Legal Instruments|236
3|Table of Cases|236
3|England and Wales|236
3|European Court of Human Rights|236
3|Ireland|237
3|Table of Parliamentary Debates|237
1|Appendix|238
2|Collecting and Analysing the Qualitative Data|238
2|Negotiating Access|238
2|Participants|239
2|The Interview|240
2|Consent and Ethics|241
2|Data Analysis|241
2|Limitations|243
1|Index|245